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New Book Releases: May 26, 2026

26 May 2026 at 18:00

New Fantasy Romantasy Sci-Fi horror books and novels

Visit our bookshop.org page to purchase this week’s new books and support your local bookstore. And us!


 

Banerjee - Reactionary WorldbuildingBanerjee, Anindita & Vint, Sherryl: Reactionary Worldbuilding (MIT Press 978-0262053679, $90.00, 434pp, formats: paperback, 5/26/2026)

Non-fiction collection with in-depth examination of the process of worldbuilding, and its connection to ideology. Includes apocalyptic reenactments, alternative histories, conspiracy theories, and more.

 

Frost - A Curse of Beasts and MagicFrost, Jeaniene: A Curse of Beasts and Magic (Tor/Bramble 978-1250395993, $20.99, 368pp, formats: hardcover, paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Fantasy romance novel. Ever since Raine Stones family was killed, a beast that survives off of violence has lived inside of her. She stops the beasts energy until one night she uses it to save an elderly man, and finds a new realm of danger. Simultaneous with the Tor UK edition.

 

Haig - The Midnight TrainHaig, Matt: The Midnight Train (Penguin Random House/Viking 978-0593833377, $30.00, 304pp, formats: hardcover, paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Time-travel fantasy novel. The Midnight Train can take you back to moments from the past. Wilbur wishes to use it to revisit his honeymoon with his ex-wife Maggie, but doing so is a big risk.

 

Hairston - The Redemption Center is Closed on SundaysHairston, Andrea: The Redemption Center Is Closed on Sundays (Tor 978-1250807311, $32.99, 416pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Science fiction novel. After the murder of a local celebrity, Oona the Saint Berdoodle teams up with a group of misfits to solve the case. Oona secretly knows who the killer is, but the killer knows she knows, and is trying to keep her silent forever.

 

Ishiguro - The Rainshadow OrphansIshiguro, Naomi: The Rainshadow Orphans (Simon & Schuster/Saga Press 978-3751791564, $27.00, 641pp, formats: ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Fantasy novel, the first in a trilogy inspired by Japanese folklore. The Lucky Crows—a criminal organization—is terrorizing Rainshadow City. A family is seeking revenge against the Lucky Crows after the murder of their aunt. A first novel. Simultaneous with the Simon & Schuster UK edition.

 

Knútsdóttir - Dead WeightKnútsdóttir, Hildur & Kowal, Mary Robinette: Dead Weight (Tor/Nightfire 978-1250329295, $24.96, 160pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Horror novella. Unnur befriends Ásta after finding her lost cat. They form a quick bond, but when things become violent, their friendship is truly put to the test. Translated from Icelandic by Mary Robinette Kowal.

 

Lourey - The Blackthorn WomenLourey, Jess: The Blackthorn Women (Amazon/Thomas & Mercer 978-1662535260, $16.99, 320pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Fantasy novel. With Katrine Blackthorn’s return to her family’s mansion in Faith Falls, Minnesota, all of her family’s fears start manifesting. Katrine needs to confront the dark secret of her family’s lineage if her family is to survive.

 

Lukens - The Last Best Quest EverLukens, F.T.: The Last Best Quest Ever (Simon & Schuster/McElderry 978-1665950978, $19.99, 320pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Young-adult humorous fantasy romance novel. Ellinore has one final quest to slay a mythical beast, but the problem is all of her quests were lies. On this quest she must decide whether she wants to continue the lie, or become someone new.

 

McBride - A Queen Crowned in FlamesMcBride, Hazel: A Queen Crowned in Flames (Penguin Random House/Delacorte 978-0593972977, $30.00, 480pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Fantasy romance novel, the second in a duology inspired by Celtic mythology. A queen named Aemyra Daercathian is fleeing. She must decide whether or not to make a great sacrifice in order to save her people.

 

Oh - Jin Young In BetweenOh, Ellen: Jin Young, In Between (Penguin Random House/Crown 978-0593125984, $19.99, 272pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Young-adult fantasy romance novel about lovers in parallel worlds. Jin Young teleports to Mina’s world inside of a webcomic, but each time he does so, catastrophic weather nearly destroys his world.

 

Randall - Curses Keys and Secret SocietiesRandall, Breanne: Curses, Keys, and Secret Societies (Penguin Random House/Dell 978-0593875025, $20.00, 384pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Fantasy novel, second in the Sisters of Light and Shadow series. Eléa Deniz returns home to discover the estate is now home to the Shadowcraft Academy. Eléa must find her power, and resist the prophecy involving her magic. Simultaneous with the Bloomsbury UK edition.

 

Roche - BromantasyRoche, Máire: Bromantasy (Penguin Random House/Putnam 979-8217180707, $20.00, 352pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Humorous fantasy romance novel. Juniper O’Reilly and Mo Elmthorn set on a quest to slay a monster, only to discover the “monster” is a little girl. On the quest they may be forced to confront the truth of their “platonic” friendship. A first novel.

 

Tsamaase - House of MarginsTsamaase, Tlotlo: House of Margins (Kensington/Erewhon 978-1-64566-104-7, $28.00, 432pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Horror novel. Anaya, an up-and-coming African author disappears during a writing residency. Her sister Ranewa is determined to find out the truth on her disappearance, and realizes it’s more horrifying than she could have thought. A first novel.

 

Varghese - A Kiss of Crimson AshVarghese, Anuja: A Kiss of Crimson Ash (Orbit US 978-0316591959, $19.99, 396pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Fantasy romance novel, the first in the Games of the Goddess trilogy. An ancient goddess teams up with a newly crowned queen, a heartsick prince, a common thief, and a courtesan with magic in her blood to stop the corrupt king of Nandapore. A first novel. Simultaneous with the Orbit UK edition.

 

Viel - I'll Watch Your BabyViel, Neena: I’ll Watch Your Baby (St. Martin’s Griffin 978-1250906342, $18.99, 336pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Supernatural horror/thriller novel. In 1994, Bless finally found the family she needed, but someone had unfinished business with her. She’s forced to face horrors from her past and her present, and there’s only one way out. A first novel. Simultaneous with the Titan Books UK edition.

 

Yeeun - Teddy Bears Never DieYeeun, Cho & Ryu, Sung: Teddy Bears Never Die (Orbit US/Run For It 978-0316601245, $19.99, 304pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Genre-bending novel with horror elements. Hwayoung, who lost her mother in a mass-poisoning attack, teams with Doha, whose mind is trapped in a teddy bear, to get revenge. Translated from Korean by Sung Ryu.

 

Kendall - That Which Feeds UsKendall, Keala: That Which Feeds Us (Penguin Random House/Random House 979-8217117963, $20.99, 352pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Young-adult Hawaiian Gothic horror/supernatural thriller novel involving the horrors of colonialism. Native Hawaiian teen Lehua goes to a luxury resort in search of her missing twin, and is haunted by dreams. A first novel.

 

Hudson - Wonders Never CeaseHudson, Lexy: Wonders Never Cease (Titan Books UK 978-1835416174, £10.99, 384pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Fantasy novel. Trix and Sander are ballerinas and their company’s star attraction. Trix falls for Sander, but finds herself questioning his past, and at the peak of their popularity, he goes missing. A first novel.

 

Lem - Transmentation TransgressionLem, Darkly: Transmentation | Transgression (Blackstone Publishing 979-8228648807, $24.29, 452pp, formats: hardcover, paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Science fiction multiverse novel, the second in the Formation Saga series. Malculm starts to question the motives of the society he works for. Prieme Dhalgram is doing whatever she can to expand Burel Hird’s territory across the multiverse.

 

Lemon - A Dark and Wild WoodLemon, Sarah Nicole: A Dark and Wild Wood (Harper Voyager 978-0063441583, $32.00, 368pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Fantasy novel. When Salomé’s sister disappears, she’s determined to find a way to save her. She travels into the wild black forest where she has an encounter with Lord Death, and he takes her in as his apprentice, but is it safe to trust Death? A first novel.

 

Palmer - Ode to the Half-BrokenPalmer, Suzanne: Ode to the Half-Broken (Astra House/DAW 978-0756419585, $29.00, 442pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/26/2026)

Science fiction novel. Be—an old robot—has lived a life of isolation after the world almost ended three decades ago. Be is brought out of solitude by a cyborg dog, and they have to come to terms with who they’ve become.

 



Locus Magazine, Science Fiction Fantasy
While you are here, please take a moment to support Locus with a one-time or recurring donation. We rely on reader donations to keep the magazine and site going, and would like to keep the site paywall free, but WE NEED YOUR FINANCIAL SUPPORT to continue quality coverage of the science fiction and fantasy field.

The post New Book Releases: May 26, 2026 appeared first on Locus.

New Book Releases: May 19, 2026

19 May 2026 at 18:00

A spread of new fantasy books, romantasy books this month, new sci-fi authors may 2026 must read new horror books spring

Visit our bookshop.org page to purchase this week’s new books and support your local bookstore. And us!


Allen-Plastic, Prism, VoidAllen, Violet: Plastic, Prism, Void (LittlePuss Press 978-1964322025, $19.95, 336pp, formats: paperback, 05/19/2026)

Trans fantasy romance novel. Acrasia, a trans intergalactic moth goddess, has a love-hate relationship with a trans mech pilot from another universe, and is determiend to keep him in her dimension. A first novel.

 

Anonymous - Breath of TimeAnonymous: A Breath of Time (Flame Tree Collections UK 978-1835627822, $30.00, 416pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, 05/19/2026)

Fantasy romance anthology. Stories involve time-bending, time traveling, different timelines, and alternate history. Part of Flame Tree’s Romantic Fantasy series.

 

Barker-Mortedant's PerilBarker, RJ: Mortedant’s Peril (Tor 978-1250398802, $28.99, 432pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Fantasy novel, first in the Trials of Irody Hasp series. Irody is a low-level Mortedant — a thankless job that involves reading the last thoughts of the dead — and has to clear his name when he’s implicated in his own apprentice’s murder. Simultaneous with the Macmillan/Tor UK edition.

 

Bruce - Temptation of Charlotte NorthBruce, Camilla: The Temptation of Charlotte North (Penguin Random House/Del Rey 978-0593724972, $18.99, 448pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Gothic supernatural novel. Rebellious young woman Charlotte sees potential in a spirit on a remote island, but must overcome the wishes of a priest and schoolteacher to banish it.

 

Chefchaouni-Lustrous DarkChefchaouni, Loretta: The Lustrous Dark (Peachtree Teen 978-1682638378, $19.99, 368pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Dark fantasy novel. Midwife’s apprentice Shay discovers tries to save her long-lost mother, only to be abandoned in a deadly, ghoul-inhabited forest.

 

Coverly-Arcane ArtsCoverly, S.D.: The Arcane Arts (Penguin Random House/Del Rey 978-0593974223, $29.00, 400pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Dark academia romance novel. Ellsbeth is drawn to arcane Newlyn University, meets Professor Thaddeus Rawlins, and falls into a romance with him as he supervises her thesis in illegal mind-control magic. This is a pen name for Dan Frey & Dana Schwartz.

 

Fitzgerald-Navigators You Can TrustFitzgerald, Patrick: Navigators You Can Trust (Podium Publishing 979-8347007738, $19.99, 420pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Fantasy adventure novel, first in the Navigators trilogy. The Navigational Brotherhood use their magical abilities as peacekeepers in the Perpetual War; fresh recruits get sent on a mission to retrieve a powerful talisman.

 

Isaacs - It's Hard to be an AnimalIsaacs, Robert: It’s Hard to Be an Animal (Grand Central 978-1538773284, $18.99, 288pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Magical realism/fantasy novel. On a blind date, Henry suddenly gains the ability to understand animals, and overhears three rats discussing a corpse in the New York subway, prompting him and his date to investigate.

 

King-Song of the SaltingsKing, Rachael: Song of the Saltings (Simon & Schuster/McElderry 978-1665984331, $19.99, 336pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, 05/19/2026)

Young-adult folk horror novel. On Lotta’s island, a fearsome creature called the Glimm demands yearly sacrifices, but it rejected Lotta as a child. Now the sacrificial horses don’t seem to appease it, and a blight is harming the island.

 

Mare - Star-Cursed HeartMare, Annie: A Star-Cursed Heart (Ace 978-0593817506, $18.99, 352pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Fantasy romance novel. In modern-day Salem, Lucy Prynne and Ashes Steadfast are descended from the town’s original families and made to fight each with conflicting curses, but the two women are also friends in love. Mare has co-authored mystery and romance novels with Ruthie Knox (some under the name Mae Marvel), along with new-adult romance as Robin York.

 

Moore- I hear a new worldMoore, Alan: I Hear a New World (Bloomsbury UK/Archer 978-1-526643292, £20.00, 336pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/21/2026)

Fantasy novel, second in the Long London quintet. In 1958, Dennis Knuckleyard discovers that a key from the Great When that he gave away years ago has unleashed occult creatures on London.

 

Nayler-Palaces of the CrowNayler, Ray: Palaces of the Crow (Macmillan/Farrar, Straus, Giroux/MCD 978-0374620752, $28.07, 384pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Speculative novel. A group of four survives the German blitzkrieg in 1941; as they cross forested borderland, an intelligent flock of crows befriends by Neriya, a Jewish girl dreaming of becoming a biologist. Simultaneous with the Orion UK/Weidenfeld & Nicolson edition.

 

Raasch-Fake Divination OffenseRaasch, Sara: The Fake Divination Offense (Tor/Bramble 978-1250428790, $19.99, 336pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Fantasy sports romance novel, second in the Magic and Romance duology. Rawball star half-giant Orok is forced into a PR relationship with fan-favorite cheerleader Alexo Warden.

 

Rex, T.K.: The WRex-Wildcraft Dronesildcraft Drones (Stelliform Press 978-1998466030, $15.99, 202pp, formats: paperback, 05/21/2026)

Collection of fourteen sci-fi tales. In the future, humans grapple with AI intelligence alongside climate crisis. Scientists make contact with a wild dolphin, and a drone is depressed after his human companion dies.

 

Rozakis-Startup HellRozakis, Caitlin: Startup Hell (Titan Books UK 978-1835415863, $19.99, 432pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Satirical fantasy novel. Morgan, junior salesperson at a tech startup, is sucked into the infernal plane. after she discovers her dead boss tried to trade his soul for profits.

 

Sawyer-Downloaded 2 Ghosts in the MachineSawyer, Robert J.: The Downloaded 2: Ghosts in the Machine (Shadowpaw Press 978-1998273560, $16.99, 260pp, formats: paperback, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Science Fiction Novel. Ex-convict Roscoe Koudoulian re-uploads his consciousness into cyberspace, where he’s confronted with someone he left for dead centuries ago.

 

Smith - GlyphSmith, Ali: Glyph (Penguin Random House/Pantheon 978-0593701584, $28.00, 288pp, formats: hardcover, paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Speculative literary novel, a companion to Gliff. Sisters Petra and Patch, now grown and estranged, reunite after Patch finds a phantom horse destroying her bedroom furniture. First US edition (Hamish Hamilton 1/26).

 

Summers- Trollheim Tale of SystirSummers, Georgia: Trollheim: Tale of Systir (Titan Books UK 978-1835416648, $28.99, 288pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, 05/19/2026)

Fantasy novel. A Nordic girl, Sýstir, runs for her life when her mother is executed for witchcraft. She finds sanctuary among the mythical beings of Trollheim, but seeks to find out what happened to her missing sister Ada.

 

Tanzer-And Side By Side They WanderTanzer, Molly: And Side By Side They Wander (Tordotcom 978-1250382054, $24.99, 112pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

SF novella. Fennel Tycho works with ragtag team to pull off an interstellar heist from an alien museum refusing to return humankind’s greatest art to Earth.

 

Villaire-Neon SkyVillaire, Alyssa: The Neon Sky (Little, Brown 978-0316574983, $19.99, 400pp, formats: hardcover, paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/19/2026)

Young-adult fantasy novel, sequel to The Glittering Edge. Penny and her witch boyfriend Alonso try to help their friend Corey undo the bloody magical bargain that made his family rich — but the cost of breaking it is taking a life.

 

Yeeun-Teddy Bears Never DieYeeun, Cho: Teddy Bears Never Die (Headline UK/Wildfire 978-1035431250, £14.99, 304pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/21/2026)

Genre-bending novel with horror elements. Hwayoung, who lost her mother in a mass-poisoning attack, teams with Doha, whose mind is trapped in a teddy bear, to get revenge. Translated from the Korean by Sung Ryu.

 



Locus Magazine, Science Fiction Fantasy
While you are here, please take a moment to support Locus with a one-time or recurring donation. We rely on reader donations to keep the magazine and site going, and would like to keep the site paywall free, but WE NEED YOUR FINANCIAL SUPPORT to continue quality coverage of the science fiction and fantasy field.

The post New Book Releases: May 19, 2026 appeared first on Locus.

New Book Releases: May 12, 2026

12 May 2026 at 18:00

A spread of new fantasy books, romantasy books this month, new sci-fi authors may 2026 must read new horror books spring

Visit our bookshop.org page to purchase this week’s new books and support your local bookstore. And us!


 

Asher-Dark AgentAsher, Neal: Dark Agent (Pyr 978-1645060901, $28.95, 640pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/14/2026)

SF novel, second in the Time’s Shadow series set in the Polity Universe. Al Straeger has built a p-prador army from the Spatterjay virus, while Blite and Cormac are trapped in conflict on the world of Yossander’s Hold. Simultaneous with the Macmillan/Tor UK edition.

 

Binge-AbyssBinge, Nicholas: Abyss (Tor/Nightfire 978-1250373885, $24.99, 160pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Horror novella described as “Severance meets Lovecraft.” Joe joins the mysterious Ponos company as an administrative assistant, but gets more than he bargained for. Simultaneous with the Macmillan/Tor Nightfire UK edition.

 

Brennan-All Hail ChaosBrennan, Sarah Rees: All Hail Chaos (Orbit US 978-0316568746, $19.99, 480pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Fantasy novel, the second in the Time of Iron series. Fantasy reader Rae, transported into her favorite book-realm, has played a villainess, and now faces undead armies, raiders, and an Emperor who wants her as his queen. Simultaneous with the Orbit UK edition.

 

Butcher-Out LawButcher, Jim: Out Law (Podium Publishing 979-8347030026, $16.99, 208pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/05/2026)

Fantasy novella in the Dresden Files set after Twelve Months. After the Battle of Chicago, Harry Dresden is pressured by John Marcone to help an underling, and deals with a demonic foe he himself may have created.

 

Dinniman-Parade of HorriblesDinniman, Matt: A Parade of Horribles (Ace 979-8217190065, $32.00, 704pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

SF LitRPG novel, eighth in the Dungeon Crawler Carl series. Carl and Princess Donut compete in races on the 10th Floor, while on the 11th floor, something called the “Parade of Horribles” is happening. Previously self-published, now with an exclusive bonus story, “Backstage at the Pineapple Cabaret.”

 

Elrod-FranchiseElrod, Thomas: The Franchise (Tor 978-1250406583, $28.99, 368pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

SF novel with fantasy elements. The fantasy world of Malicarn is the setting of blockbuster movies — but it’s a “Truman Show”-esque environment where the people within believe their magical, dragon-filled lives are real.

 

Flett-Welcome to the ChaoskampfFlett, Jane: Welcome to the Chaoskampf (Penguin Random House UK/Doubleday UK 978-1529955064, £18.99, 368pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, 05/14/2026)

Literary apocalypse novel. Marcy leaves her perfect life and takes up with a group of apocalypse-summoning filmmakers who think her old boxing scar is the mark of the Chosen One.

 

Francis-Broken DoveFrancis, Dani: Broken Dove (Penguin Random House/Del Rey 978-0593875490, $32.99, 608pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Dystopian romance novel, second in the Silver Elite series. Exposed as a double agent within the Silver Elite, Wren aids in the allied Uprising, though she’s torn between her lover Cross and hotshot pilot Grayson. Simultaneous with the Penguin Random House UK/Del Rey UK edition.

 

Gailey-Make Me BetterGailey, Sarah: Make Me Better (Tor 978-1250851758, $28.99, 432pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Wellness-gothic horror novel. Celia, seeking community, goes to the Salt Festival on a mysterious island, where the secluded community promises healing and transformation and the reef outside keeps growing.

 

Gammon - OmnibozGammon, Jendia & Chiara, Ernie: Omniboz: Tales from the Land of Oz (Stars and Sabers 978-1967550098, $19.99, 152pp, formats: hardcover, paperback, ebook, 05/15/2026)

Anthology of short stories inspired by L. Frank Baum’s Oz books. Authors include Adrian Tchaikovsky, Helen Gylnn Jones, J.R. Dawson, and more.

 

Glynn-Lost Book of LancelotGlynn, John: The Lost Book of Lancelot (Grand Central 978-1538775233, $29.00, 384pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Arthurian fantasy novel. Orphan Lancelot grows up in seclusion on the Isle of Women and in love with the handsome Galehaut; as he is drawn into Camelot politics, he finds himself in a battle between warring worlds.

 

Hoffman-Ignore All Previous InstructionsHoffman, Ada: Ignore All Previous Instructions (Tachyon Publications 978-1616964566, $18.95, 320pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Near-future SF novel. Working for the Callisto corporation, Kelli edits AI output into “appropriate” stories for TV; her rigid life is interrupted when ex Rowan seeks her help for his illegal gender-affirming surgery.

 

New Ann Leckie Ancillary novel Radian Star, part of a spread of new fantasy books, romantasy books this month, new sci-fi authors may 2026 must read new horror books springLeckie, Ann: Radiant Star (Orbit US 978-0316290357, $30.00, 368pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

SF novel, a standalone set in the world of the Imperial Radch. The Radch, cracking down on the city Ooioiaa’s local rituals, permit only one more man to enter the Temporal Location of the Radiant Star and join its mummified bodies as a “living saint.” Simultaneous with the Orbit UK edition.

 

McIntyre-Curve of the WorldMcIntyre, Vonda N.: The Curve of the World (Aqueduct Press 978-1619762800, $21.00, 408pp, formats: paperback, 05/15/2026)

Historical fantasy novel, published posthumously. In an ancient Minoan world, ambassador Iakinthu sails the world to return her son Rhenthizu to his home on the Pacific coast, a distant land no Minoans have ever reached.

 

Newman-Model Actress WhateverNewman, Kim: Model Actress Whatever (Titan Books UK 978-1803366678, $19.99, 464pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Satirical horror novel. Soap-opera actress Chrissie discovers her character is about to be killed off, stops dieting, and discovers she has supernatural abilities, and has to rescue her aunt who’s a therapist for supervillains.

 

Noon-Moon Over BrendleNoon, Jeff: Moon Over Brendle (Angry Robot UK 978-1836730309, $19.99, 256pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Fantasy novel with elements of memoir. In an alternate 1968 Lancashire, teenage Joe has the rare ability to see Greot, a swirling dust rainbow that settles on the dead, and becomes a successful SF novelist.

 

Ojeda-Electric Shamans at the Festival of the SunOjeda, Mónica: Electric Shamans at the Festival of the Sun (Coffee House Press 978-1566897556, $20.00, 240pp, formats: paperback, 05/12/2026)

Near-future horror novel. Two best friends in Ecuador go to a hedonistic Solar Noise Festival: Noa embraces the narcotic haze and collective visions, but Nicole senses something sinister at play. Translated from the Spanish by Sarah Booker.

 

Parker-Sister Svangerd and the Devil You KnowParker, K.J.: Sister Svangerd and the Devil You Know (Orbit US 978-0316567008, $19.99, 336pp, formats: paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Fantasy novel, the second in the Loyal Opposition series. Brother Desiderius and Sister Svangerd take on a dangerous task from a high-up official. Parker is a pen name for Tom Holt. Simultaneous with the Orbit UK edition; ebook also available. Simultaneous with the Orbit UK edition.

 

Patel-We Dance Upon DemonsPatel, Vaishnavi: We Dance Upon Demons (Simon & Schuster/Saga Press 978-1668068595, $28.00, 304pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Fantasy novel. Burned-out reproductive healthcare worker Nisha collapses at an Indian art exhibit after being beckoned by a statue, and wakes with strange powers.

 

Plett-Saw MouthPlett, Cale: The Saw Mouth (Penguin Random House/Delacorte 979-8217025701, $19.99, 384pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Young-adult rural horror novel. Ten years after an apocolypse in which souls woke up inside machines and destroyed them, genderqueer teen Cedar finds themselves hunted by a rotting shadow in Sawblade Lake.

 

Roth-Seek the Traitor's SonRoth, Veronica: Seek the Traitor’s Son (Tor 978-1250347909, $29.99, 432pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Fantasy romance novel, first in the Burning Empire series. Soldier Elegy defends her homeland from the Talusar, but a prophecy says she and Talusar general Rava will fall in love with the same man and only one will be victorious in the war. Simultaneous with the Macmillan/Tor UK edition.

 

Searcy-Whisper TreeSearcy, Holly: The Whisper Tree (Blackstone Publishing 979-8228465343, $29.99, 382pp, formats: hardcover, paperback, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Fantasy novel, second in the Amarra Chronicles. Elven druid Kiana joins an adventure party to track down royal artifacts, and must save the Whisper Tree from a corruption.

 

Smyth-All That GlowsSmyth, Lauren: All That Glows (Enclave Escape 979-8886052619, $24.99, 336pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/12/2026)

Young-adult SF novel. Kyrie and her town in the Mojave Desert survived a plague-carrying rain ten years ago, but a masked man outside the town fence doesn’t seem to understand the world ended.

 

Turtledove-Lightning RunesTurtledove, Harry: Lightning Runes (Arc Manor/Caezik SF & Fantasy 978-1647101770, $29.67, 304pp, formats: hardcover, ebook, audiobook, 05/11/2026)

Historical fantasy detective novel, second in the City of Shadows series (standalone). In 1940s Los Angeles, a missing musician and a trail of magic triggers an investigation into an ancient power threatening the city.

 

Vibbert-MultitudeVibbert, Marie: Multitude (Apex Book Company 978-1955765497, $18.95, 184pp, formats: paperback, ebook, 05/12/2026)

SF novel. Humanity — from a SETI researcher in Australia to a mathematician in Beirut — must contend with a hivemind collective of cephalopod aliens.

 



Locus Magazine, Science Fiction Fantasy
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The post New Book Releases: May 12, 2026 appeared first on Locus.

Pluralistic: Lee Lai's "Cannon" (08 May 2026)


Today's links



The Drawn & Quarterly cover for Lee Lai's 'Cannon.'

Lee Lai's "Cannon" (permalink)

Lee Lai's Cannon is an extraordinary graphic novel that turns out a beautifully told, subtle and ambiguous tale about Lucy (Lucy -> "Loose" -> "Loose Cannon" -> "Cannon"), a queer Chinese-Canadian chef at a Montreal restaurant whose messy family, work, personal and sex life are all falling apart in ways that are powerfully engrossing:

https://drawnandquarterly.com/books/cannon/

This is the second outing from Lee Lai, whose debut, Stone Fruit, swept many of the field's awards and won major critical acclaim. When a debut comes out that strong, it's sometimes followed with the dread "second book syndrome" in which a creator who has poured everything they ever thought about putting in a book now has to write another book, from scratch. But Cannon avoids any hint of that second book malaise; rather, it is jammed with dense and densely connected ideas, character beats and graphic signifiers that are brilliant in so many ways:

https://www.fantagraphics.com/products/stone-fruit

Cannon is a thirtysomething chef in a Montreal restaurant run by Guy, an instantly recognizable hustler who praises Cannon for her culinary abilities and her pliability, talks over her, demands the impossible from her kitchen colleagues and periodically breaks out into soliloquies about his own martyrdom to the hardships of entrepreneurship.

Cannon cares for her grandfather, who has been abandoned by her mother, who has been traumatized by the abuse he meted out to her during her upbringing. Now in decline and unable to care for himself, Cannon's grandfather continues his abusive ways, scaring off all of his home help, which means Cannon must devote even more time to him (she can't bring herself to put him in a care facility that will inevitably be full of white people who don't speak Chinese).

These familial duties leave Cannon isolated, with only one important friendship: Trish, an up-and-coming novelist whom Cannon has known since their school days in Montreal's suburban Eastern Townships, where they were the only queer Chinese girls either of them knew. Trish owes her professional acclaim to her own neurotic social instincts, which she polishes on the page with the help of an old writing teacher who serves as her mentor. Trish may be Cannon's oldest and best friend, but she's not actually a very good friend, and now that they're both in their 30s, neither Cannon nor Trish is entirely sure where they'd make new friends.

This is where Cannon starts, as Cannon tries to resolve all these bad situations, each of which is only worsening. Trish disapproves of Cannon's sexual affair with the new front-of-house woman at the restaurant – even as Trish begins a friends-with-benefits arrangement with a guy from her fitness club who clearly wants more than the odd tumble. Guy the restaurateur positions Cannon as his hatchet-woman and confidante, driving conflict in the kitchen that she is meant to hold the bag for. Her grandfather enters a terminal decline, and still her mother won't answer her calls and texts about it. And then, Cannon discovers that Trish has violated her in a way that is intimate and appalling.

These may sound like the beats that you'd find in a melodramatic soap opera, but Cannon's affect is so stoic, and her interiority is so beautifully and inventively depicted – Lai deploying the unique strengths of the graphic novel form here with total virtuosity – that the vibe is more David Lynch than Dallas.

The result is something that's beautiful, sharp, critical and lingering. Long after I closed the cover, I found myself mulling over the delicate ways that Lai raised the contradictions, sorrows and beauty of queer love, racial identity, camaraderie, self-control, and self-indulgence. Lai's characters have no answers, only questions that can never be fully resolved. Instead, these questions are the defining puzzles, defeats and triumphs of their lives.

It's a magnificent, sensitive and innovative work of storytelling.


Hey look at this (permalink)



A shelf of leatherbound history books with a gilt-stamped series title, 'The World's Famous Events.'

Object permanence (permalink)

#25yrsago Ebay paying newspapers to run listings in the classifieds section https://web.archive.org/web/20010506063910/http://www.business2.com/news/2001/05/ebaypapers.htm

#20yrsago Airline spoons of the world photo-gallery https://www.flickr.com/photos/airlinespoons

#20yrsago Coach passengers arrested for moving to first class http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/4980364.stm

#15yrsago Hidden cognitive costs of doing stuff https://web.archive.org/web/20110507154653/https://us.lifehacker.com/5798202/the-cognitive-cost-of-doing-things

#15yrsago Syria’s man-in-the-middle attack on Facebook https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/05/syrian-man-middle-against-facebook

#10yrsago Weird erotica author who was dragged into Hugo Awards mess pulls off epic troll https://web.archive.org/web/20160506175535/http://www.dailydot.com/lol/chuck-tingle-trolling-hugo-zoe-quinn-genius/

#10yrsago FBI has been harassing a Tor developer since 2015, won’t tell her or her lawyer why https://blog.patternsinthevoid.net/fbi-harassment.html

#10yrsago 2,000 US doctors endorse Sanders’ single-payer healthcare proposal https://web.archive.org/web/20160506095034/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/05/05/2000-doctors-say-bernie-sanders-has-the-right-approach-to-health-care/

#10yrsago Community college evicts daycare center to make room for Goldman Sachs https://www.golocalprov.com/news/daycare-center-being-moved-out-of-ccri-for-goldman-sachs

#10yrsago Data-driven look at America’s brutal, racist debt-collection machine https://www.propublica.org/article/so-sue-them-what-weve-learned-about-the-debt-collection-lawsuit-machine

#10yrsago Homeland Security wants to subpoena Techdirt over the identity of a hyperbolic commenter https://www.techdirt.com/2016/05/06/homeland-security-wants-to-subpoena-us-over-clearly-hyperbolic-techdirt-comment/

#5yrsago NY AG attributes Net Neutrality fraud to telcos https://pluralistic.net/2021/05/06/boogeration/#pais-lies

#5yrsago Ed-tech apps spy on kids https://pluralistic.net/2021/05/06/boogeration/#i-spy

#5yrsago Scammers recycled covid nose-swabs https://pluralistic.net/2021/05/06/boogeration/#up-your-nose

#1yrago The Adventures of Mary Darling https://pluralistic.net/2025/05/06/nevereverland/#lesser-ormond-street


Upcoming appearances (permalink)

A photo of me onstage, giving a speech, pounding the podium.



A screenshot of me at my desk, doing a livecast.

Recent appearances (permalink)



A grid of my books with Will Stahle covers..

Latest books (permalink)



A cardboard book box with the Macmillan logo.

Upcoming books (permalink)

  • "The Reverse-Centaur's Guide to AI," a short book about being a better AI critic, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, June 2026 (https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374621568/thereversecentaursguidetolifeafterai/)
  • "Enshittification, Why Everything Suddenly Got Worse and What to Do About It" (the graphic novel), Firstsecond, 2026

  • "The Post-American Internet," a geopolitical sequel of sorts to Enshittification, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2027

  • "Unauthorized Bread": a middle-grades graphic novel adapted from my novella about refugees, toasters and DRM, FirstSecond, April 20, 2027

  • "The Memex Method," Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2027



Colophon (permalink)

Today's top sources:

Currently writing: "The Post-American Internet," a sequel to "Enshittification," about the better world the rest of us get to have now that Trump has torched America. Third draft completed. Submitted to editor.

  • "The Reverse Centaur's Guide to AI," a short book for Farrar, Straus and Giroux about being an effective AI critic. LEGAL REVIEW AND COPYEDIT COMPLETE.
  • "The Post-American Internet," a short book about internet policy in the age of Trumpism. PLANNING.

  • A Little Brother short story about DIY insulin PLANNING


This work – excluding any serialized fiction – is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. That means you can use it any way you like, including commercially, provided that you attribute it to me, Cory Doctorow, and include a link to pluralistic.net.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Quotations and images are not included in this license; they are included either under a limitation or exception to copyright, or on the basis of a separate license. Please exercise caution.


How to get Pluralistic:

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"When life gives you SARS, you make sarsaparilla" -Joey "Accordion Guy" DeVilla

READ CAREFULLY: By reading this, you agree, on behalf of your employer, to release me from all obligations and waivers arising from any and all NON-NEGOTIATED agreements, licenses, terms-of-service, shrinkwrap, clickwrap, browsewrap, confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-compete and acceptable use policies ("BOGUS AGREEMENTS") that I have entered into with your employer, its partners, licensors, agents and assigns, in perpetuity, without prejudice to my ongoing rights and privileges. You further represent that you have the authority to release me from any BOGUS AGREEMENTS on behalf of your employer.

ISSN: 3066-764X

Pluralistic: Vicky Osterweil's "The Extended Universe" (28 Apr 2026)


Today's links



The Haymarket Books cover for Vicky Osterweil's 'The Extended Universe.'

Vicky Osterweil's "The Extended Universe" (permalink)

Vicky Osterweil's The Extended Universe: How Disney Killed the Movies and Took Over the World makes the kind of long, polemical, startling and illuminating argument that defines great cultural criticism; it's the sort of book that encapsulates the reasons I read criticism in the first place:

https://www.haymarketbooks.org/books/2525-the-extended-universe

My first brush with this kind of criticism came more than two decades ago, when I read John Kessel's now-classic "Creating the Innocent Killer," a critique of Orson Scott Card's Ender's Game, a book I had read and enjoyed enough to re-read several times:

https://johnjosephkessel.wixsite.com/kessel-website/creating-the-innocent-killer

Kessel's argument is that Card used Ender's Game to smuggle in some very ugly ideas, wrapped in a story that was compelling, even exhilarating. In Ender's Game, we meet Andrew "Ender" Wiggin, a small, physically weak boy possessed of a prodigious intellect and a great deal of sensitivity and empathy. Ender is tormented by an escalating series of aggressors, whom he retaliates against with overwhelming force, first to the point of lethality and then all the way to literal genocide. And here's where Card makes his move: Ender's sensitivity and empathy and intellect tell him that he must respond this way, because he can tell that his aggressors will not back off from their intention to harm him; and because Ender is so small and weak, he has to use whatever tactic his brilliant mind can devise, and if that tactic results in the death penalty for mere bullying, well, that's the bully's fault, not Ender's. Indeed, in dying at Ender's hands, these bullies re-victimize Ender, because Ender is a gentle, smart, wise, weak person, and these inescapable murders that he is goaded into committing are a stain on his soul that he can never wash away.

Before reading "Creating the Innocent Killer," I confess I didn't really understand what criticism was for. Like many people, I conflated "criticism" with "reviews," thinking of critical works as a species of inconveniently difficult-to-digest essays that might help me figure out which books to read and which movies to see.

Kessel's magnificent essay changed all that, and not in spite of the fact that Kessel had pointed out some very important problems with a book that I loved, but because of that fact. In helping me understand the ugliness hidden within something whose beauty and virtues I saw very clearly, Kessel taught me more about myself – about where my aesthetics and my values overlapped, and where they diverged. It was literally life-changing.

Like Kessel, Osterweil's 'Extended Universe' deals with media that I have a great deal of affection for – the products of the Walt Disney Company. Though I'm primarily interested in theme parks – I love a big, ambitious built environment of any description and Disney pursues these with a seriousness that few others can touch – the Disney films (and the films of the studios Disney purchased, like Marvel and Lucasfilm) are obviously intimately bound up in those theme park designs.

Osterweil has her own ambivalent affection for these movies. Like so many of us, she's been raised on them, and they've shaped how she sees the world and its stories. But – like me – Osterweil is deeply suspicious of capitalism, American imperialism, and the notion of "intellectual property," and she uses reviews of a dozen Disney films to make the case that Walt Disney and the studio he founded with his brother are standards-bearers for these odious forces, and not just in the overt ways that might immediately spring to mind, but also in subtle ways that can be teased out of a close reading of the films.

In so doing, Osterweil also makes a sharp and well-argued case that intellectual property, colonialism and racial oppression are all facets of the same drive, the drive of people who fancy themselves born to rule to dominate others, which requires that those others also be dehumanized and their work denigrated. When Walt Disney insisted that his be the only name associated with "his" movies, he was playing out the same logic that underpinned his virulent opposition to labor unions and his participation in American imperialism in Latin America.

As with Kessel, Osterweil's argument is full of surprises and illuminations that are especially vivid for those of us who have great affection for these works. As her chapter on Black Panther shows, this contradiction need not go unresolved. There is plenty of scope for fans to seize the reins of the narrative (and as her chapter on the reactionary backlash to the later Star Wars movies shows, it's not just the forces of progress and anti-racism who can pull off this move).

Like the very best criticism, Osterweil's book is more than a way to deepen your understanding of the material she dissects – it's a way to deepen your understanding of the world that produced it, and to deepen your understanding of yourself.


Hey look at this (permalink)



A shelf of leatherbound history books with a gilt-stamped series title, 'The World's Famous Events.'

Object permanence (permalink)

#20yrsago Frank Zappa’s anti-censorship letter https://www.flickr.com/photos/mudshark/117551768/in/set-72057594090059726/

#15yrsago Chemistry kit with no chemicals https://web.archive.org/web/20110427212354/http://blog.makezine.com/archive/2011/04/chemistry-set-boasts-no-chemicals.html

#15yrsago Russian corruption: crooked officials steal multi-billion-dollar company, $230M tax refund, then murder campaigning lawyer https://web.archive.org/web/20110426045152/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/04/20/russia_s_crime_of_the_century?

#15yrsago Golden-age short-change cons https://web.archive.org/web/20110429014539/https://blog.modernmechanix.com/2011/04/26/tricks-of-short-change-artists/

#10yrsago Campaigners search Londoners’ phones to help them understand the Snoopers Charter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szN7DlmMLYg

#10yrsago Mitsubishi’s dieselgate: cheating since 1991 https://web.archive.org/web/20160427145038/https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/mitsubishi-cheated-fuel-economy-tests-since-1991/#ftag=CAD590a51e

#10yrsago Bellwether: Connie Willis’s classic, hilarious novel about the science of trendiness https://memex.craphound.com/2016/04/26/bellwether-connie-williss-classic-hilarious-novel-about-the-science-of-trendiness/

#5yrsago The Big U https://pluralistic.net/2021/04/26/moolah-boolah/#poison-ivies


Upcoming appearances (permalink)

A photo of me onstage, giving a speech, pounding the podium.



A screenshot of me at my desk, doing a livecast.

Recent appearances (permalink)



A grid of my books with Will Stahle covers..

Latest books (permalink)



A cardboard book box with the Macmillan logo.

Upcoming books (permalink)

  • "The Reverse-Centaur's Guide to AI," a short book about being a better AI critic, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, June 2026 (https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374621568/thereversecentaursguidetolifeafterai/)
  • "Enshittification, Why Everything Suddenly Got Worse and What to Do About It" (the graphic novel), Firstsecond, 2026

  • "The Post-American Internet," a geopolitical sequel of sorts to Enshittification, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2027

  • "Unauthorized Bread": a middle-grades graphic novel adapted from my novella about refugees, toasters and DRM, FirstSecond, April 20, 2027

  • "The Memex Method," Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2027



Colophon (permalink)

Today's top sources:

Currently writing: "The Post-American Internet," a sequel to "Enshittification," about the better world the rest of us get to have now that Trump has torched America. Third draft completed. Submitted to editor.

  • "The Reverse Centaur's Guide to AI," a short book for Farrar, Straus and Giroux about being an effective AI critic. LEGAL REVIEW AND COPYEDIT COMPLETE.
  • "The Post-American Internet," a short book about internet policy in the age of Trumpism. PLANNING.

  • A Little Brother short story about DIY insulin PLANNING


This work – excluding any serialized fiction – is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. That means you can use it any way you like, including commercially, provided that you attribute it to me, Cory Doctorow, and include a link to pluralistic.net.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Quotations and images are not included in this license; they are included either under a limitation or exception to copyright, or on the basis of a separate license. Please exercise caution.


How to get Pluralistic:

Blog (no ads, tracking, or data-collection):

Pluralistic.net

Newsletter (no ads, tracking, or data-collection):

https://pluralistic.net/plura-list

Mastodon (no ads, tracking, or data-collection):

https://mamot.fr/@pluralistic

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Tumblr (mass-scale, unrestricted, third-party surveillance and advertising):

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"When life gives you SARS, you make sarsaparilla" -Joey "Accordion Guy" DeVilla

READ CAREFULLY: By reading this, you agree, on behalf of your employer, to release me from all obligations and waivers arising from any and all NON-NEGOTIATED agreements, licenses, terms-of-service, shrinkwrap, clickwrap, browsewrap, confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-compete and acceptable use policies ("BOGUS AGREEMENTS") that I have entered into with your employer, its partners, licensors, agents and assigns, in perpetuity, without prejudice to my ongoing rights and privileges. You further represent that you have the authority to release me from any BOGUS AGREEMENTS on behalf of your employer.

ISSN: 3066-764X

Pluralistic: Ada Palmer's "Inventing the Renaissance" (25 Apr 2026)


Today's links



The U Chicago Press cover for Ada Palmer's 'Inventing the Renaissance.'

Ada Palmer's "Inventing the Renaissance" (permalink)

Ada Palmer may just be the most bewilderingly talented person I know: a genius sf writer, incredible librettist and singer, wildly innovative educator, and a leading historian of the Renaissance, and last year, she published her magnum opus, Inventing the Renaissance, a stunning book about so much more than history:

https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/I/bo246135916.html

All of my friends seem to be writing their magnum opuses these days! When (modern) historian Rick Perlstein and I did an event last year for my Enshittification tour, he told me he'd just finished his 1,000 page (ish? I may be misremembering slightly) history of the American conservative movement. And I recently had dinner with China Mieville, who told me he'd just turned in the manuscript for a novel he'd been trying to figure out how to write all his life.

I can't wait to read these books! And I couldn't wait to read Inventing the Renaissance, and I would have been much quicker off the mark but for the exigencies of book tours and books due and so on – but I've been reading it for the past two months or so, and I think I've pitched it about a hundred times to strangers and friends as I savored it, because it's just that good.

Inventing the Renaissance isn't a work of history, it's a work of "historiography" – the study of how histories get written and rewritten. Palmer's point here isn't to make us merely understand the Renaissance – she wants us to understand how the idea of a Renaissance, a rebirth out of a "dark age" into a "golden age" – has been used, abused, created and demolished, for centuries and centuries, including during the centuries when the Renaissance was actually underway.

Palmer teaches Renaissance history at the University of Chicago, where she is legendary for a unique annual pedagogical exercise in which she leads her students through a weeks-long live-action role-playing game that re-enacts the election of the Medicis' Pope. Every student is given a detailed biography of their character's position, goals, proclivities and history, and for weeks, the students scheme, ally, betray and assassinate each other. At the climax, the students take over the university's faux-Gothic cathedral, dressed in Renaissance drag (Palmer has a Google alert for theater companies that are selling off their costumes, and her tiny office at the university overflows with racks of cardinals' robes and other period garb), and they invest a Pope:

https://pluralistic.net/2021/10/17/against-the-great-forces-of-history/

This exercise is nothing short of genius, and the students who experience it often report that it is life-changing. That's because the final candidates are never quite the same, nor are the cardinals who cast votes for the winner. And yet, there are certain bedrocks that never shift, including the fact that Italy is always invaded by some of the factions involved in the election, though which cities burn also changes.

The point of this exercise is to expose the students to the power and limits of both "great historical forces" and the human agency that every one of us has within the envelope defined by those forces. Palmer wants her students to get a bone-deep understanding that while every moment has great forces bearing down on it, that the people of each moment have an enormous amount of leeway to channel the floodwaters that history will unleash. From the servant who bears a message from one great power to another, up to those great powers themselves, each person guides the course of history, even if they can't halt some of its outcomes.

Though Palmer unpacks this exercise and its meaning and results in the final part of her magnum opus, this message about forces and people is really the key to her historiography. She develops these themes in the most charming, accessible manner imaginable, weaving her own journey into history with her accounts of how different eras consciously created and deployed the idea of "the Renaissance" and how these ideas were bolstered, undermined, or ultimately demolished by new evidence. You could not ask for a better account of why there is not, and can never be, a single, canonical "history" of an era or a moment. There will always be multiple histories, overlapping each other, warring with one another, supplanting each other, or being revived as "lost" histories that reveal a truth that "they" have buried.

This is such an ambitious book, and the ambition pays off in so many ways. Take the book's structure: there's a long middle section in which Palmer describes how more than a dozen figures from the Renaissance experienced their era, with many overlapping events and timelines. Palmer's sensitive, beautifully researched and written accounts of the lives of these figures – highborn and lowly, sinister and virtuous – highlights the contradictions of this centuries-long "moment" we call "the Renaissance" and shows us how those contradictions can't ever be resolved, only acknowledged and understood.

This is Palmer the novelist, blending seamlessly with Palmer the historian. Palmer is a close literary – and personal – ally of the equally brilliant sf/fantasy writer Jo Walton, whose work has mined classical and Renaissance history to great effect since she and Palmer struck up their friendship. First, there were Walton's "Philosopher Kings" books, a three-book long thought experiment in which every person of every era who ever dreamed of living in Plato's Republic is brought through time and space to the doomed volcanic island that will someday give rise to the story of Atlantis, to try out Plato's ideal society for real:

https://memex.craphound.com/2015/01/13/jo-waltons-the-just-city/

Then there was Lent, Walton's story of the fanatical reformer Savonarola, who is forced to re-live his life over and over, with breaks in hell where he is tormented by his failure:

https://web.archive.org/web/20190516170659/https://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-jc-review-jo-walton-lent-20190516-story.html

And this June, she'll bring out Everybody's Perfect, a novel that uses Palmer's trick of telling a story from many viewpoint characters, each of whom perceives the events so differently that their versions can't really be reconciled, except by understanding that there is no one history and there cannot be one history. There are only the histories, ever changing. The omnipotent third person narrator is a lie. I don't know if Palmer got this idea from Walton, or if Walton was inspired by Palmer, but it is a wonderful living example of how intellectual and creative movements (like those that are attributed to the Renaissance) feed one another.

One of Palmer's areas of specialty is free speech and censorship. Along with Adrian Johns, we co-taught a grad seminar called "Censorship, Information Control, and Information Revolutions from Printing Press to Internet" that connected Ada's work to the current battles over online speech:

https://neubauercollegium.uchicago.edu/research/censorship-information-control-and-information-revolutions-from-printing-press-to-internet

Palmer wants us to understand that the majority of censorship is self-censorship – that the Inquisition could only intervene in a tiny minority of cases of prohibited thought and word, and they had to rely on key people – printers, for example – anticipating the Inquisitors' tastes and limiting their speech without an Inquisitorial edict (if this seems relevant to the Trump administration's "war on woke," then you're clearly paying attention):

https://pluralistic.net/2024/02/22/self-censorship/#hugos

Those correspondences between the deep historical record and our current moment make Inventing the Renaissance extremely important and timely – a book hundreds of years in the making, and bang up to date.


Hey look at this (permalink)



A shelf of leatherbound history books with a gilt-stamped series title, 'The World's Famous Events.'

Object permanence (permalink)

#25yrsago Gloating NYT editorial about the dotcom crash https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/23/opinion/editorial-observer-after-the-fall-the-new-economy-goes-retro.html

#20yrsago RIAA sues family that doesn’t own a PC https://www.techshout.com/riaa-sues-local-family-without-computer-for-illegal-music-file-sharing/

#15yrsago Righthaven copyright troll loses domain https://web.archive.org/web/20110425035158/http://www.domainnamenews.com/legal-issues/righthavencom-invalid-whois/9232

#15yrsago Steampunk Venetian mask https://bob-basset.livejournal.com/160226.html

#5yrsago John Deere's dismal infosec https://pluralistic.net/2021/04/23/reputation-laundry/#deere-john

#5yrsago Foxconn's Wisconsin death-rattle https://pluralistic.net/2021/04/23/reputation-laundry/#monorail

#5yrsago Laundering torturers' reputations with copyfraud https://pluralistic.net/2021/04/23/reputation-laundry/#dark-ops

#1yrago Sarah Wynn-Williams's 'Careless People' https://pluralistic.net/2025/04/23/zuckerstreisand/#zdgaf


Upcoming appearances (permalink)

A photo of me onstage, giving a speech, pounding the podium.



A screenshot of me at my desk, doing a livecast.

Recent appearances (permalink)



A grid of my books with Will Stahle covers..

Latest books (permalink)



A cardboard book box with the Macmillan logo.

Upcoming books (permalink)

  • "The Reverse-Centaur's Guide to AI," a short book about being a better AI critic, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, June 2026 (https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374621568/thereversecentaursguidetolifeafterai/)
  • "Enshittification, Why Everything Suddenly Got Worse and What to Do About It" (the graphic novel), Firstsecond, 2026

  • "The Post-American Internet," a geopolitical sequel of sorts to Enshittification, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2027

  • "Unauthorized Bread": a middle-grades graphic novel adapted from my novella about refugees, toasters and DRM, FirstSecond, 2027

  • "The Memex Method," Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2027



Colophon (permalink)

Today's top sources:

Currently writing: "The Post-American Internet," a sequel to "Enshittification," about the better world the rest of us get to have now that Trump has torched America. Third draft completed. Submitted to editor.

  • "The Reverse Centaur's Guide to AI," a short book for Farrar, Straus and Giroux about being an effective AI critic. LEGAL REVIEW AND COPYEDIT COMPLETE.
  • "The Post-American Internet," a short book about internet policy in the age of Trumpism. PLANNING.

  • A Little Brother short story about DIY insulin PLANNING


This work – excluding any serialized fiction – is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. That means you can use it any way you like, including commercially, provided that you attribute it to me, Cory Doctorow, and include a link to pluralistic.net.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Quotations and images are not included in this license; they are included either under a limitation or exception to copyright, or on the basis of a separate license. Please exercise caution.


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"When life gives you SARS, you make sarsaparilla" -Joey "Accordion Guy" DeVilla

READ CAREFULLY: By reading this, you agree, on behalf of your employer, to release me from all obligations and waivers arising from any and all NON-NEGOTIATED agreements, licenses, terms-of-service, shrinkwrap, clickwrap, browsewrap, confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-compete and acceptable use policies ("BOGUS AGREEMENTS") that I have entered into with your employer, its partners, licensors, agents and assigns, in perpetuity, without prejudice to my ongoing rights and privileges. You further represent that you have the authority to release me from any BOGUS AGREEMENTS on behalf of your employer.

ISSN: 3066-764X

Pluralistic: Quinn Slobodian and Ben Tarnoff's "Muskism: A Guide for the Perplexed" (21 Apr 2026)


Today's links



The Harpercollins cover for Quinn Slobodian and Ben Tarnoff's 'Muskism: A Guide for the Perplexed.'

Quinn Slobodian and Ben Tarnoff's "Muskism: A Guide for the Perplexed" (permalink)

Quinn Slobodian and Ben Tarnoff's Muskism: A Guide for the Perplexed seeks to describe the ideology that gave rise to Elon Musk, the social forces that gave rise to that ideology, and the terrible future that ideology seeks to bring about:

https://www.harpercollins.com/products/muskism-quinn-slobodianben-tarnoff?variant=43838135402530

The book's starting point is that "Muskism" isn't merely the things Musk says, believes and does. It's the ideology that coalesces around him, from the people in his wake and the people he follows. Just as Henry Ford neither defined "Fordism" nor precisely practiced it, "Muskism" is centered on Elon Musk, but it's not Elon Musk's creation.

So what is Muskism? To answer this question, Slobodian and Tarnoff enumerate the factors and influences that produced Musk himself. There's apartheid, with its "rational" system of technocratic authoritarianism, which blended together a life of luxury and plenty (for white settlers), brutal surveillance and state violence (for the Black majority) and fascist control over speech (for everyone), combined with a meat-grinder draft that saw young men of Musk's age being called up to suppress liberation uprisings.

Peak apartheid coincided with peak personal computing, the moment where PCs (and then, modems) were getting cheaper and faster, propagating like mushrooms, offering a young Musk access to a broad world outside of the fascist bubble of South Africa, inspiring global ambitions in Musk.

Closer to home, there's Musk's family: his grandfather, a grandiose and vicious white supremacist who moved to South Africa from Canada because of his love for apartheid and racial hierarchy. There's Musk's father, a violent and abusive fool.

Muskism is also a new variant on techno-libertarianism. Traditional techno-libertarianism seeks to dismantle the state – or better yet, exit from the state, in the manner of an Ayn Rand hero. Techno-libertarianism is intimately bound up with settler colonialism, ever on the hunt for an "empty land" (terra nullius) that can be settled without committing the original sin of expropriation, the gravest offense in a religion organized around the total sanctity of private property:

https://pluralistic.net/2022/06/14/this-way-to-the-egress/#terra-nullius

Muskism doesn't seek to exit the state, it seeks to colonize and control it. Long before DOGE, Musk was playing the organs of the state to his own tune, securing massive contracts and subsidies for his solar and rocketry businesses, relying on the massive, deep-pocketed government to keep his businesses afloat.

Obviously (DOGE!), Muskism also seeks to dismantle the state, but only the parts of it that can be transferred to Musk's own private hands. Muskism is about big government…for Musk, but not for you. It embodies that important conservative value summarized in Wilhoit's Law:

There must be in-groups whom the law protects but does not bind, alongside out-groups whom the law binds but does not protect.

https://crookedtimber.org/2018/03/21/liberals-against-progressives/#comment-729288

This is Musk through and through – a man who demands the right to call innocent strangers "pedo guy" without legal consequence; and also wields the power of the state to shutter businesses that boycott his platform because of its shitty practices:

https://www.findlaw.com/legalblogs/courtside/elon-musk-sues-advertisers-who-boycott-x-under-anti-trust-laws/

Musk grew up on science fiction novels and weaves stfnal tropes through his offerings (for example, calling his chatbot "Grok"). There's no shortage of reactionary politics in science fiction, but Musk doesn't confine his sf-inspired cosmology to reactionary literature. He's famously very fond of the Wachowskis' "Matrix" movies, and leans heavily into the metaphor of the Matrix in explaining his interest in wiring people directly into computers, in characterizing opposing political beliefs as "mind viruses," and in calling his political enemies "NPCs":

https://pluralistic.net/2025/08/18/seeing-like-a-billionaire/#npcs

But Musk's relationship to this metaphor differs in a subtle and important way from the right's "Red Pill" rhetoric. Musk doesn't want to break out of the Matrix – he wants to control the Matrix. He wants to decide which opinions you're allowed to see and discuss (because "most people have weak firewalls for bad ideas"), he wants to beam ideas directly into your neural link, and he wants to abolish any form of workplace democracy, conquering the world with South African baasskap (boss-ism):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baasskap

Throughout this slim volume, Slobodian and Tarnoff tease these strains of thought out of Musk's deeds and utterances, and in the systems that he has built or colonized through acquisition. The authors are offering more than a psychoanalysis, though – they're surfacing the material basis for Muskism, the benefits it delivers to its adherents, and the victories it has racked up.

They reveal the method in Musk's chaotic and bullying management style, and recount the times Musk has successfully shattered sclerotic processes to make real breakthroughs, especially in aerospace. You'd be hard pressed to read these passages without feeling some grudging admiration.

Muskism gets stuff done…sometimes. At a cost. A high cost. Tarnoff and Slobodian count that cost, identify who pays it, and conjure up the world in which those costs continue to mount for all of us.

It's a chilling vision, a Torment Nexus dystopia run by someone who thinks cyberpunk was a suggestion, not a warning.


Hey look at this (permalink)



A shelf of leatherbound history books with a gilt-stamped series title, 'The World's Famous Events.'

Object permanence (permalink)

#15yrsago US, EU want to delay copyright treaty to help blind people for 3-5 years https://web.archive.org/web/20110423170607/http://keionline.org/node/1114

#15yrsago Is sugar a poison? https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/magazine/mag-17Sugar-t.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all

#15yrsago More watch-part motorcycles https://ummaisoumenos.blogspot.com/2008/11/miniaturas-fantsticasbikesfeitas-de.html

#15yrsago Seeds: comic-book memoir of father’s cancer is moving, sweet https://memex.craphound.com/2011/04/19/seeds-comic-book-memoir-of-fathers-cancer-is-moving-sweet/

#10yrsago Something New: frank, comedic, romantic memoir of a wedding in comic form https://memex.craphound.com/2016/04/19/something-new-frank-comedic-romantic-memoir-of-a-wedding-in-comic-form/

#10yrsago Ben and Jerry arrested at Democracy Spring demonstration in DC https://web.archive.org/web/20160419173913/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/co-founders-of-ben-and-jerrys-arrested-at-us-capitol/ar-BBrW5tb?li=BBnb7Kz

#10yrsago Competing construction companies stage a bulldozer fight in a busy street https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrtnIImGipg

#10yrsago Chicago Police Accountability Task Force Report: racism, corruption, and a “broken system” https://chicagopatf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/PATF_Final_Report_4_13_16-1.pdf

#5yrsago Facebook's tonsils https://pluralistic.net/2021/04/19/tonsilitis/#mod-traum

#1yrago Against transparency https://pluralistic.net/2025/04/19/gotcha/#known-to-the-state-of-california-to-cause-cancer


Upcoming appearances (permalink)

A photo of me onstage, giving a speech, pounding the podium.



A screenshot of me at my desk, doing a livecast.

Recent appearances (permalink)



A grid of my books with Will Stahle covers..

Latest books (permalink)



A cardboard book box with the Macmillan logo.

Upcoming books (permalink)

  • "The Reverse-Centaur's Guide to AI," a short book about being a better AI critic, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, June 2026 (https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374621568/thereversecentaursguidetolifeafterai/)
  • "Enshittification, Why Everything Suddenly Got Worse and What to Do About It" (the graphic novel), Firstsecond, 2026

  • "The Post-American Internet," a geopolitical sequel of sorts to Enshittification, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2027

  • "Unauthorized Bread": a middle-grades graphic novel adapted from my novella about refugees, toasters and DRM, FirstSecond, 2027

  • "The Memex Method," Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2027



Colophon (permalink)

Today's top sources:

Currently writing: "The Post-American Internet," a sequel to "Enshittification," about the better world the rest of us get to have now that Trump has torched America. Third draft completed. Submitted to editor.

  • "The Reverse Centaur's Guide to AI," a short book for Farrar, Straus and Giroux about being an effective AI critic. LEGAL REVIEW AND COPYEDIT COMPLETE.
  • "The Post-American Internet," a short book about internet policy in the age of Trumpism. PLANNING.

  • A Little Brother short story about DIY insulin PLANNING


This work – excluding any serialized fiction – is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. That means you can use it any way you like, including commercially, provided that you attribute it to me, Cory Doctorow, and include a link to pluralistic.net.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Quotations and images are not included in this license; they are included either under a limitation or exception to copyright, or on the basis of a separate license. Please exercise caution.


How to get Pluralistic:

Blog (no ads, tracking, or data-collection):

Pluralistic.net

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https://pluralistic.net/plura-list

Mastodon (no ads, tracking, or data-collection):

https://mamot.fr/@pluralistic

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Tumblr (mass-scale, unrestricted, third-party surveillance and advertising):

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"When life gives you SARS, you make sarsaparilla" -Joey "Accordion Guy" DeVilla

READ CAREFULLY: By reading this, you agree, on behalf of your employer, to release me from all obligations and waivers arising from any and all NON-NEGOTIATED agreements, licenses, terms-of-service, shrinkwrap, clickwrap, browsewrap, confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-compete and acceptable use policies ("BOGUS AGREEMENTS") that I have entered into with your employer, its partners, licensors, agents and assigns, in perpetuity, without prejudice to my ongoing rights and privileges. You further represent that you have the authority to release me from any BOGUS AGREEMENTS on behalf of your employer.

ISSN: 3066-764X

Moran vs Loveless – Knife Steel Edition

By: Larrin
23 December 2025 at 15:26

Bill Moran and Bob Loveless are the most influential knifemakers in the modern era. They were two key figures in the rise of custom knifemaking, which began in 1970 with the formation of the Knifemakers Guild. Both predated the Guild and had fully formed philosophies on knifemaking before its formation. There are an impressive number of dichotomies between Loveless and Moran. For two men who were influential in a similar time period for making the same product – knives – they had surprisingly different philosophies. Both men served as president of the Knifemakers Guild in the early years: Moran from 1972-1973, and Loveless from 1971-1972 and again from 1973-1974. B.R. Hughes wrote about the two knifemakers in 1986 [1]:

Future knife historians should be aware that Loveless and Moran had little in common. Loveless was an advocate of the stock removal method of making knives using stain-resistant steels, while Moran was a champion of the traditional forged blade. There were other, deeper differences. Loveless felt that quality should not be a condition of membership and that requirements should be as loose as possible to encourage new members. Moran was of the opinion that the Guild should have moderately strict guidelines and that members should be responsible to the Guild for unethical behavior… Be that as it may, the two, not friends by any means, ‘buried the hatchet,’ at least publicly, for the welfare of the Guild.

But looking at Moran and Loveless and how they viewed knifemaking is not only of historical interest. The arguments they were making decades ago are similar to those you can still find between some forging bladesmiths and stock removal knifemakers. And while they weren’t the only knifemakers making those arguments back then, they were two of the most influential voices. So it is valuable to examine the origins of these arguments to understand why some knifemakers still can’t agree.

Moran and Studying the Ancients

Moran was splitting time between a dairy farm and knifemaking from the 1940s. Moran found the book Bowie Knife, published by Raymond Thorp in 1948. Moran recalled [2]: “I must have read that book at least fifty times, and it certainly had a tremendous impact on me. It was during this same period that I began to attend gun shows in the Baltimore area. I was the only knifemaker who exhibited at these shows… People would stop at my table at a gun show back in the 50s and they would like my work, but when they discovered that I wanted $15 or so for a knife, they’d almost run away!” He sold the farm in 1960 and built a new shop, going full time as a knifemaker. Moran emphasized in his 1960 catalog how the study of ancient blades was key to his methods [2]:

I am the only maker of classical ancient blades… I do not make any wild claims that these knives can be used for cutting bolts or metal as a test of the knife’s quality. Moran Knives have long been acclaimed by many leading authorities as being the finest made today. They are probably the most expensive knives made because of the painstaking craftsmanship that goes into them. However, this results in a superior quality that one is unable to obtain in any other way. These knives will be collector items of future years… To my knowledge these knives are the only ones made today that are completely hand forged, hand tempered, and handmade in every respect… An immense amount of research and study of blades and forging techniques from ancient times until today has been required… The tempering process alone can only be learned by many years’ experience. This technique is the same as that used by the blade smiths of the seventeenth century. It was this tempering that enabled those blades to withstand such severe strain in combat.

Moran believed that ancient blades were better than modern knives, which is why he attempted to learn from them, as he said in his 1975 catalog [2]:

We must remember that the finest blades which have ever been made were developed at a time when one’s life depended on his blade. Anyone who does not believe this is true should make a study of ancient blades. It soon would be apparent to them that these were the finest ever made. I have tried to follow the methods and techniques used by the ancient smiths. These methods have worked out quite well for me. In all the years I have been making knives I have never had one returned with a broken blade.

Early Moran Knives. Weyer photo.

Moran Steel Choices

When it came to steel choices, Moran also believed that simpler was better, as he said in 1975 [2]:

Today, we hear a great deal about new and super steels. In over 30 years that I have been engaged in knife making, I have of course tried most all of the steels available in search of a superior steel. It is true that the corrosion resistant steels of today are far superior to the old stainless steels, but, what most people do not realize is that these steels were designed to hold their hardness at a high degree of heat. This of course, is unnecessary in a knife. Most of the high alloy steels have 12 to 18 percent chrome. This is a very definite drawback to good edge-holding qualities. It is true that this steel does have some advantages, such as being corrosion resistant, and this can be important to some people who do not have the time to wipe and oil their blade… Any steel manufacturer will tell you not to use the complex high alloy steels unless you need tools that allow you to cut under high heat, etc. For most tools and especially knife blades, one should stick to the high grade carbon steels. I myself, have found after 30 years of experimentation that the steel with the best all around qualities for a blade is in the straight carbon range. The high alloy steels have far more drawbacks than they have advantages.

Moran’s Differential Heat Treatments

Moran would heat treat his blades to have a hard edge but a “spring” tempered spine and soft tang. In 1960 he said [2] that this gave the blades “a combination of strength and edge holding quality that is unattainable from production made blades.” Again he made an appeal to ancient techniques [3]: “Of course this was a method used hundreds of years ago – especially in Europe – to make a better blade.”

Moran and Forging

Of course Bill Moran was famous for promoting forged blades. He believed that this was an important part of the ancient process, and claimed that it led to improved performance. In 1950 he said [2]: “The bar of steel is heated in a specially designed field stone forge … and forged by hand on the anvil. Every blade is heated and reheated, then forged dozens of times before the forging operation is finished. This hand forging greatly improves the quality of the blade.”

Moran believed that the performance improvement was due in part to the (now discredited) technique of “packing” as he said in 1975 [2]: “I use a technique known as hammer hardening or packing. This is an important step that unfortunately is understood by only a few smith’s. After the blade is forged almost to the finished shape, the blade is then hammered at a rather low heat with rapid, light blows. This causes the grain to be better aligned and the steel to be far more compact. This should only be attempted by a smith with a great deal of experience.” While “packing of molecules” is rarely claimed by bladesmiths anymore (iron atoms cannot be forced closer together), there are some that still perform cold or warm forging techniques for other purposes, so this could just be a case where Moran did not understand the metallurgy though there can be small benefits to the technique anyway.

Moran bowie. Weyer photo.

Moran and the Reintroduction of Pattern-Welded Damascus

Moran popularized pattern-welded Damascus in the early 1970s. This was due to his studies of ancient blades [4]: “Ever since I can remember, I, like all who love fine blades, have been fascinated with the beautiful Damascus blade. Many legends abound throughout history pertaining to the wonderful quality of these remarkable blades. After years of study and research, I felt I would like to try making them.” Moran would claim that Damascus blades had better properties [5]:

No one was more surprised than I, when I found this steel did have most unusual qualities. I found these blades could be left as-quenched and still have good flexibility, they also would hold a very good edge. Indeed I am now convinced that many of the old legends concerning these blades are true. These blades were far superior to any other blade because of the hundreds of alternating layers of iron and steel. The principle is the same as plywood or the laminated bow. I am now convinced that Damascus blades stopped being made so long ago for the same reason the wonderful composite bows of the Turks died out; that reason being they were so terribly difficult to make and after the fall of the Saracen empire, man went back to the self-bow which was made from a single piece of wood. The same being true for the Damascus blade; it was so much easier to make a blade from a single piece of steel.

Moran presented his first Damascus blades at the 1973 Knifemakers’ Guild Show in Kansas City. Knifemakers and collectors alike were very impressed. Butch Winter wrote [6]: “In those days the Guild Show crowds weren’t that big. There were a few people looking at Moran’s knives but they more or less were agog and didn’t understand what he’d done. The other makers were saying, ‘I wish I could do that,’ or ‘How’d he do that?'” Moran said that pattern-welded Damascus was key to bringing back forging and making his business sustainable [7]:

[T]he first year I showed my Damascus blades in Kansas City, I took in the most money I had ever made at any one show. For the first time, it occurred to me that it just might be possible to earn a decent living making knives. However, making Damascus cut my production by about two-thirds, and as I get older, it seems that I can’t make knives as quickly as I once did, and I was never a very fast bladesmith.”

Early 1970s Moran Damascus dagger. Weyer photo.

Loveless and Knife Design

Bob Loveless first attempted making knives after reading an article about Randall knives in 1953. He tried to buy one from Abercrombie & Fitch (then a sporting goods store) but the salesperson was rude and said it would be many months to be able to purchase one. Loveless made his own knife and returned to Abercrombie to show the rude sales clerk. He found instead that the clerk had been fired, but the floor manager was impressed with his knife and began ordering dozens of them.

Loveless is perhaps best known for his unique design sense. However, early on his knives looked a lot like Randall’s [8]:

[My first knives] looked a lot like knives that Bo Randall produced. The knives all had narrow tangs, single guards, leather washer handles with finger grooves and an aluminum pommel. Looking back, there is really no comparison between what we produce now and those early knives. They might have been good, solid edged tools, but they were lacking in aesthetics. Thankfully, over the years I’ve been able to break out of that early mold and create knives that not only are functional, but also look good.

Early Loveless knives. Weyer photos.

Loveless felt that first the knife must look good, and then when the customer picks it up it has to feel good [9]:

Eye appeal is the very first thing – it has a bearing on whether or not the knife will be accepted… If it is not appealing to the eye, then the prospect won‘t pick it up. If he doesn’t pick it up – you’re lost. But for the intelligent outdoorsman, you have got to get him to pick up the knife.

A knife must feel good in a man’s hand. Whether we realize it or not, our sense of touch is very critical to us. We get a lot of our input from our fingertips … it has to feel good … since we are directing our effort to the user’s hand primarily … it’s important to the knifemaker to understand the function of the hand… The knife designer, if he’s good, realizes that the human hand defines everything from the guard on back, in his work.

Loveless believed that having real experience was important to designing his knives [10]:

Unless you’ve had field experience, you can’t make hunting knives. I see knives with cutting edges that are too thick. With blades that are too long… With awkward and ill-shaped handles. Too many knife makers don’t understand their own hand. Their knives are not user friendly. You can’t teach a guy to make a good hunting knife if he’s never been in the woods, shot a deer, and been up to his elbows in deer guts. It’s like giving a typewriter to a man who is illiterate.

Loveless’s more developed style. Weyer photo.

Loveless and Steel

Loveless saw his process as iterating and improving to develop a knife that was better than any before it [10]:

Knife making can be thought of as an endless chase after perfection in design and execution – an ongoing pursuit of better steels and materials, and, of course, of working hard enough and being lucky enough to realize the measure of success that will give us a decent living. Some of us keep at it, often working long hours into the night after the demands of a regular day job. Sometimes, it becomes too much and we drop out. Yet it keeps calling us back – perhaps later when we can afford a better shop – to try again.

Loveless did not believe in forging of blades, and performed stock removal instead [8]:

I had no idea that flat stock in the steel of my choice (Jessop 139B) was available. When I ran out of steel, I contacted the manufacturer. The woman who answered the telephone suggested that I try their flat stock. I realized right then and there that I’d forged my last knife. Her suggestion was what you might call “a light bulb moment.” When that light came on in my head, I realized that there was no point in beating a piece of round steel stock flat, when you can buy it flat already. No matter what the forging community believes, you can’t improve a piece of steel by heating and beating on it.

While Moran used very simple steels, Loveless was looking for a modern alloy that would enhance performance. Loveless had started with a high nickel steel, Jessop 139B, relatively similar to 15N20 with 2.5% nickel. He liked the steel for its high toughness and found the nickel to improve the corrosion resistance. Next he tried the high silicon shock resisting steel S5 because it had a very high toughness rating according to the steel information he managed to find. The S5 made good knives with excellent toughness and good edge holding but he had issues with sudden fractures in the knives because of the fast brine quenching specified by the datasheet [11]:

S5 has almost 2% Si and 1% Mn, and when everything went just right, we got some very fine working knives out of it. Very high toughness of course, but also very good edge holding. But it was a Brine-quenching steel, and with S5 two problems were never licked: sudden, brittle fracture during testing, and rusting that seemed to pop out of the blade before my eyes. The brittle fracture just shouldn’t have happened, and two out of three times it didn’t. But the third time, I would put knife after knife in the vise for a simple bending test, and watch the damned things bust with very small bends. I hollered at metallurgists, kicked the dog, my kids wouldn’t bring me their report cards, my internist was pulling his hair, and my Old Lady was making me eat out in the shop.

Loveless even managed to request a “special modified melt of slightly different Silico-Manganese Shock steel” [11]. But he still had issues with the knives fracturing because of the severe brine quenching [6]:

I’d end up mumbling to myself, watching the moon go down and the sun come up trying to figure out what was going wrong. Never did, either. So I have a bad taste in my mouth over this kind of steel, which has been recognized for years as the best stuff to make chisels out of…the properties of the Shock steels intrigued me, and still do. But there was the rusting, and I got tired of having to hone my knife everytime I started out hunting, so I began wondering about things like that.

Loveless made a wish list of his ideal steel and eventually found it in 154CM stainless steel, as he wrote in his 1972 catalog:

So all during those years I was building in my mind a picture of what the perfect Loveless Knife steel would be, and what it would offer: working hardness exceeding Rc 62, working ductility and toughness at that hardness, and finally rust-resistance equal to the usual Knifemaker’s 440C, which I had tried but rejected due to poor edge-holding. During the summer of 1971, I learned of a steel made by a leading Tool Steel producer in the East (Crucible). They had developed it for service in the high-temperature regions of the fan-jet engines on the 747 aircraft, and it was alloyed to hold strength at 700 deg. F. My examination of the alloying, and a study of the heat-treating procedures suggested by the maker, led me to think it might be a candidate for fine hunting knives.

I ordered a quantity of 500-lbs, which was delivered in August. Test knives were made immediately, and placed in the hands of friends here in the West and in Canada, and I began hearing from these men, all critical knife users, within two weeks, with their comments. Previously knife buyers had to make a choice when they ordered a knife. The knifemakers, this one included, could offer edge-holding, or rust-resistance, but not both qualities, in the same knife. Typically, those of us who valued field performance preferred to make our knives from one of the better medium or high-carbon Tool Steels, in the judgment that edge-holding was the main reason for the existence of the benchmade knife. But two things were immediately apparent, in the letters commenting on the new knives. First, they did hold their edge, better than did my previous alloy. And second, they didn’t rust, in normal service, even if not cleaned up right away. We had to unlearn some things, and learn some new things, in the way of Shop practice, in making these new knives. But it was soon quite apparent that we had found a new kind of steel, and that this new steel was yielding the results I had been looking for. Knives made from Grade 154CM are indeed fine working knives… Exposure to blood acids in big game stains the blade slightly, if anything, but badly-pitted blades just don’t happen, and even the staining is rare. And the cutting edge holds up better than did the older Silico-Manganese Alloy knives. Blades are put in service at a working hardness of Rc 62-64, and are quite ductile and tough at that hardness… All Loveless Knives made since September of 1971 are of this fine new steel. We have almost 300 knives in the field now, and the results have exceeded my early hopes. The 154CM Alloy has brought new and better quality to Loveless Knives, and it’s the kind of steel I had hoped to find for years.

Weyer photo.

154CM and the Japanese version ATS-34 would become a standard for stock removal makers for decades (and is still used by companies like Emerson). Knifemakers also continue to use CPM-154 and RWL-34 (The RWL stands for Robert W. Loveless). Loveless enjoyed learning about steel and metallurgy. He wrote [11] that his copy of Tool Steels by Roberts, Hamaker, and Johnson was “well-thumbed and beloved.” Loveless wrote an article about metallurgy in 1975 which wasn’t too bad (according to this PhD metallurgist) [11]:

Eight thousand words or so ago, I set out to tell you something about steel, and knifemaking. Whether I succeeded or not is up to you, and how hard you want to work at knowing the world of fine knives. You won’t learn it all from an article, and may never learn it all in one lifetime for all I can see. But that’s what makes it interesting, even challenging, and yes … fun. There’s a little more to it than you thought there was. Right?

Loveless did not believe in “secret” heat treatments, in his article about heat treating he described his process and said sarcastically [11]: “[I]f you’ve ever wondered what goes on behind closed doors at the dark of the moon get ready!” He used modern heat treating methods rather than a forge or torch. He laid out his heat treatment steps for 154CM including a furnace, a cold treatment, and multiple tempers. He summarized the process afterward [11]: “If there’s any ‘secret’ to making knives like this, I’ve given it above, and I encourage you to try for the same results.”

Tradition vs Modernism Continues to This Day

Loveless and Moran seemed to disagree in almost every possible way. However, their fundamental philosophical differences seem to come down to tradition vs modernism. Moran found inspiration in ancient blades and thought that the secrets to superior blades was in the study of those blades. Loveless felt that through iterative design improvements and the use of new steels developed by modern science that superior performance could be obtained. Of course, this is somewhat simplistic. Moran developed new techniques and designs himself, and Loveless said that his tapered tangs could be found on blades from the 1800s.

Moran would take his love for the forged blade and found the American Bladesmith Society in 1976 along with Don Hastings, Bill Bagwell, and B.R. Hughes. This organization continues to this day and has continued to have a strong influence on those that forge blades. It remains relatively uncommon for bladesmiths to forge stainless and high alloy tool steels. While it is true that those steels are more difficult to forge, this is not the only reason why they remain uncommon. After all, it is also more difficult to use these steels with stock removal techniques but they are used much more frequently by those makers. The ABS founders did not believe that new steels were better, as Bill Bagwell said [12]:

Frequently, I note in some bit of literature that so-and-so is using a fantastic jet-age steel for his blades. Frankly, just because a given steel is great when used for the turbines of jet aircraft engines doesn’t necessarily mean that it is the ultimate cutlery steel. A blade that is forged, however, is made from steel that the smith has in effect manufactured expressly for a knife, and this makes possible the toughest, strongest, most effective cutting edge possible, but at the same time this blade will be relatively easy to sharpen once it gets dull.

The ABS bylaws specified (and continue to specify) that a JS or MS stamp cannot be used on a stainless blade, even if forged [13]. They justified this rule by claiming that stainless steels are inferior [13]:

[T]he Society discourages the continuous use of stainless steel for forging blades unless and until forged stainless steel blades have been proven, to the satisfaction of the Board, capable of being forged into quality blades that will consistently pass the standard ABS cutting and bending tests.

The ABS cutting and bending tests are much easier to pass with simple carbon steels since they require a differential heat treatment, which is difficult to perform with a stainless steel because of its high “hardenability” (air cooling leads to full hardness). It isn’t even possible to pass the Journeyman Smith cutting tests with a stainless steel, as the JS cutting test says that “Only forged blades of homogenous carbon steel are allowed.” I think that san-mai and other laminated type construction are ideal for the ABS bending tests, which would work very well with stainless steels. This would also demonstrate forging skill rather than only heat treating skill. The differential heat treatment can be performed with low alloy steels that have not been forged, so they are not an indicator of forged blade performance but only heat treatment. Stainless san-mai has become much more common over the past 10-15 years (though more commonly it is stainless “sides” with a carbon steel core).

The ABS board also claimed that stainless steels do not benefit from forging like carbon steels do. I have continued to hear this claim from many bladesmiths. B.R. Hughes wrote in 1977 [14]:

440C, D2, and 154CM are all … stain resistant steels, and all three will take and retain an edge for long periods of time even under heavy usage. It was not, incidentally, feasible to attempt to forge such sophisticated steels as those mentioned in the last two paragraphs, and the [common] view that many modern cutlers take of forging may in large measure be due to the fact that a few misguided souls even tried to forge 440C and even D2 by guess and by gosh, and the results were mostly awful.

Of course there have been a few brave bladesmiths who have used stainless steel despite the heavy social pressure of the ABS to avoid it, but they have remained a small number. For those who are brave, I have an article on how to effectively heat treat stainless steels that have been forged.

Nick Rossi knives in forged AEB-L

Another big difference between now and then is that the most common stock removal steels were 440C, D2, and 154CM, as Hughes mentioned. Those steels were very different than simple carbon steels. They have much higher carbide volume and thus higher wear resistance, but toughness is limited from those carbide structures. The chromium carbides were also relatively large which also limited toughness. So these steel choices led to very different properties, on the one end were low wear resistance simple steels with good toughness and ease in sharpening, used primarily by forging bladesmiths. On the other end were steels with high wear resistance and relatively low toughness (and some complained about sharpenability), used primarily by stock removal makers. Things have changed since then, such as the rise in popularity of AEB-L. Ironically, that steel dates back to the late 1960s, before the formation of the Knifemakers Guild, but did not become common in USA custom knives until the 2010s. AEB-L was designed for razors, and it has a much finer microstructure and much higher toughness than grades like 440C, D2, and 154CM. It has a much more similar performance profile to a low alloy steel favored by forging bladesmiths. And of course there are now a wide array of powder metallurgy high alloy and stainless steels available with a wide range of properties at different levels of wear resistance, toughness, and corrosion resistance.

I do think that claims from bladesmiths about the superiority of forged blades have slowed down. It was still relatively common in the 1990s and early 2000s but I don’t see it as much anymore. From my perspective the divide between forging bladesmiths and stock removal makers is smaller than ever. I do not see as much arguing about superiority as happened decades ago. It is most common for knifemakers to choose the method that is most appealing to them without making judgments about superiority (or inferiority) of the other method. So I think that improvement should be celebrated.

More History of Knives and Steel

Did you enjoy learning some history of knifemakers and the steels that they used? Then you will love my book The Story of Knife Steel. It is full of stories direct from the mouths of knifemakers, knife company owners, and metallurgists. Learn the development of steels, how they were introduced to knives, and the development of Damascus patterns and techniques. It is available in PDF, paperback, or hardcover. It is also available as a PDF bundle along with Knife Engineering 2nd edition.


[1] Hughes, B.R. “The Knifemakers Guild: Beginnings.” Blade Magazine. August 1986.

[2] Hughes, B.R. and C. Houston Price. Master of the Forge, William F. Moran, Jr. and His Classic Blades. 1996.

[3] McEvoy, Harry K. “A living legend in modern cutlery William F. Moran, Jr.” Knife World. February 1979.

[4] Material handed out at the 1973 Knifemakers Guild Show written by Bill Moran.

[5] Moran Knives brochure 1973.

[6] Hughes, B.R. “Happy 25th, Damascus!” Blade Magazine. November 1998.

[7] Hughes, B.R. “William F. Moran Knifemaker Profile.” American Blade Magazine. April 1979.

[8] Hollis, Durwood. Knifemaking with Bob Loveless. 2010.

[9] Spangenberger, Phil. “R.W. Loveless: Leader in the Field.” Guns & Ammo Guidebook to Knives & Edged Weapons. 1974.

[10] Williams, Al and Jim Weyer. Living on the Edge: Logos of the Loveless Legend. 1992.

[11] Loveless, R.W. “Steel and Knives: A Bladesmith’s Bible.” Knife Digest. 1975.

[12] Hughes, B.R. “Interview: Bill Bagwell.” Knife World. February 1978.

[13] https://www.americanbladesmith.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ABS-ByLaws-2-7-2013-Signed.pdf

[14] Hughes, B.R. “Steel.” Knife World. December 1977.

The post Moran vs Loveless – Knife Steel Edition appeared first on Knife Steel Nerds.

Buderus Steel Mill Closing? Yes, But Also No

By: Larrin
10 December 2025 at 15:10

Video

There is a video version of the following information:

What is Buderus?

Buderus is a steel mill in Germany. They have several of their own knife steel products, including Nitro-V, Nitro-B, and Nitro-X7. They have also produced a wide range of standard grades, including 1095, 80CrV2, 15N20, and W2.

Buderus was purchased by Bohler-Uddeholm in 2005, which was then purchased by voestalpine in 2007, meaning Buderus was then owned by voestalpine (voestalpine is not supposed to be capitalized) [1]. Buderus was sold by voestlpine at the end of 2024 [2], and that process was completed in February 2025 by Mutares SE &Co. [2]. The previous owner, voestalpine, stated that they were selling Buderus because they were “concentrating its product portfolio on the technologically demanding high performance materials segment, while simultaneously reducing its share of standardized tool steel and high-grade engineering steel production, the price of which is coming under increasing pressure due to greater competition from outside Europe” [3].

At the time of the sale, Buderus had 1,100 employees and units capable of making steel from beginning to end, including melting, casting, forging, hot rolling, and cold rolling [4]. Mutares is a soulless private equity company, so of course, they did not hold on to Buderus for long. They began the process of selling the hot rolling mill and heat treat facility to GMH Gruppe in August 2025 [5]. Mutares also sold the drop forging unit to a subsidiary of itself, FerrAl United Group (no, corporate business doesn’t make sense). Mutares said this would secure 670 jobs for Buderus, and GMH Gruppe said their two units would account for 300 of those 670 employees [6].

What happened to the other ~450 employees? Those were let go because the steelworks was shut down by Mutares [7], meaning no more melting and casting of steel for Buderus. Electric steelmaking was apparently difficult to make profitable in Germany due to high energy costs [8]. We were also told that the cold rolling mill would shut down. Cold rolling allows steel to be rolled down even thinner than a hot rolling mill, and also gives a better surface finish and tolerances.

GMH Gruppe is also a steel company, so they announced [6] that the acquisition of the Buderus hot mill “closes an existing production gap … expanding product range to dimensions of up to 300 mm square. This enables access to new markets – including those beyond the traditional passenger-car combustion-engine segment.” With the steelworks shut down Buderus can continue to make steel but they will be sourcing ingots from other facilities within GMH Gruppe – these include Georgsmarienhütte GmbH, Stahlwerk Bous, Schmiedewerke Gröditz, and Pleissner Guss [6].

Will Buderus Cease Production of Knife Steel?

I contacted Buderus and asked if they would continue to offer knife steel with these changes. Christian Simon, the head of sales responded, confirming that they would continue to source ingots from the sources within GHM Gruppe listed above, also mentioning Energietechnik Essen GmbH, the company that makes Cronidur 30 (sold as LC200N by Zapp). He then added information specifically about knife steels:

“Based on our billet and strip rolling mills, we can now offer you hot strip from Wetzlar in an even broader range of materials. You can, of course, continue to obtain our popular NITRO grades from us as hot strip. And whether ingot castingcontinuous casting, or ESU grades – our modern electric arc furnaces are already producing Green Steel for a sustainable future.

For the time being, Buderus Edelstahl operates under the name GMH Precision Machining GmbH. We will soon provide further information about the new Buderus Edelstahl brand within the GMH Group.”

Sven Kunzer, Managing Director, added in a separate email:

“[N]ow the things are getting clearer. We are offering our knife grades like Nitro-V, Nitro-X7 and Nitro-B as hot rolled strip.”

In other words, no longer available as cold rolled strip, but hot rolled steel will be available. Buderus metallurgist Clemens Trinks sent me a document about their new production route which confirmed that they will be offering steel as thin as 2 mm (0.079″) which is likely thin enough for the majority of applications. Though Clemens also mentioned potential limits for width depending on the grade and that is likely even more so for the very thinnest sizes. The annealing available has also changed due the restructuring, and they have now moved to open air annealing box furnaces. To remove scale they are using shot blasting.

How Are People in the Knife Industry Responding?

There is confusion in the knife industry about what exactly is happening with Buderus. New Jersey Steel Baron has been selling Buderus steel to knifemakers for many years now. Their official communication [9] about Buderus said only that Buderus is permanently closing and says that these steels will not be returning. I believe that New Jersey Steel Baron did not know that Buderus is continuing and will continue to offer knife steel. Or perhaps they were ready to move on from Buderus. NJSB is correct that Buderus has been an important supplier of knife steel in recent years. Several difficult to obtain steels like W2 were regularly available in good sizes and prices due to Buderus. Other knife steel suppliers should pick up the slack from NJSB if they decide to no longer purchase these grades from Buderus.

There is also a recent Blade Magazine article [10] that interviewed a few people in the knife industry. They seem to all be under the impression that Buderus is closing for good. So we should get the word out that Buderus is still making knife steel.

Summary and Conclusions

There were some troubling reports about Buderus going away but those were premature. The recent statements I got from Buderus employees about continuing to produce knife steels in hot rolled strip are very positive. They should be able to continue making it through the new group’s steelworks to provide ingots and slabs for hot rolling. I don’t think it should be understated just how many different knife steel grades have been produced by Buderus in recent years, and hopefully for many years in the future.


[1] https://www.voestalpine.com/specialtymetals/en/about-us/history/

[2] https://mutares.com/en/mutares-has-completed-the-acquisition-of-the-business-of-buderus-edelstahl-gmbh-from-the-voestalpine-ag/

[3] https://www.voestalpine.com/group/en/media/press-releases/2024-10-23-voestalpine-sells-buderus-edelstahl-to-mutares/

[4] https://www.buderus-steel.com/en/company/about-us/

[5] https://mutares.com/en/mutares-portfolio-company-buderus-edelstahl-has-signed-an-agreement-to-sell-two-business-units-to-gmh-gruppe/

[6] https://www.gmh-gruppe.de/en/news/acquisition-of-buderus-edelstahl-gmbh-business-units-legally-completed/

[7] https://www.marketscreener.com/news/buderus-edelstahl-to-be-broken-up-after-mutares-takeover-hundreds-of-jobs-affected-ce7c50dedd8af725

[8] https://www.ffh.de/nachrichten/hessen/mittelhessen/442556-buderus-edelstahl-in-wetzlar-das-wars.html

[9] https://newjerseysteelbaron.com/steel-signals-1-on-the-closures-of-crucible-and-buderus/

[10] https://blademag.com/knife-news/buderus-mill-closure-threatens-10xx-carbon-steel-supply-for-knifemakers

The post Buderus Steel Mill Closing? Yes, But Also No appeared first on Knife Steel Nerds.

Knife Engineering 2nd Edition – Expanded and Updated

By: Larrin
3 November 2025 at 15:08

11/18/2025: I added that the book is now available in South Africa from SD Knives & Supplies.

Links to buy are at the bottom of the article!

Video

Knife Engineering

In recent years, I have been mostly known as the “MagnaCut man,” but before MagnaCut, my biggest success was probably with Knife Engineering. When I started my website, Knife Steel Nerds, I hadn’t thought about writing a book because I thought I was doing a website instead. But I soon realized that a website works better for individual articles than it does for introducing an entire subject. So that led me to writing the book Knife Engineering: Steel, Heat Treating, and Geometry. That allowed people to learn the subject in order with all of the appropriate introductory material. The book has been a big success with many copies sold and many rave reviews from knifemakers and knife buyers alike. I tried very hard to make the subject as easy to understand as possible, and so it has been gratifying to hear people say that the book was exactly that.

The Second Edition

So why a second edition? There are a lot of reasons:

1. Since the first edition, I have tried to do as many experiments as possible in areas that I only had prior scientific journal articles to reference for those subjects. These included studies I performed on thermal cycling of both carbon and stainless steels, comparing different types of quench oils, and the performance of Damascus steels. There is an extra chapter in the second edition from one of these studies, all about forge heat treating. I always learn new things by conducting experiments for myself, and of course, I can test knife steels that are currently popular among knifemakers and knife companies. This significantly improved those sections of the book as the data was more directly applicable, and I could compare different types of heat treatments to give better recommendations.

2. One thing that surprised me a bit was that many knifemakers bought Knife Engineering just to see the heat treatment recommendations in the book. So I improved that section by including recommended forging, normalizing, and annealing temperatures for each. Before, those temperatures were only found for select steels in other parts of the book. I also updated each recommendation with whatever new testing I had done since the first edition. The new recommendations section also has its own table of contents with all of the steels listed.

3. New formats and wider availability – since the first edition was published I now have the option of printing the book in hardcover. I have seen some very tattered looking paperbacks of Knife Engineering! I also am publishing a PDF digital copy to Payhip. So the book will be available in paperback, hardcover, and PDF. The PDF edition also means that the book is available anywhere in the world. Before if you were in a country where print on demand was not available the book could be costly to import.

4. There are also many miscellaneous figures and experiments sprinkled throughout the book that make it significantly better when it comes to supporting information. It would be a bit tedious to list them all, but several of them haven’t even appeared on my website. In the first edition I restricted my own heat treating experiments primarily to a later chapter called “Practical Aspects of Heat Treating.” I moved most of those into the relevant chapters including many new experiments – annealing, austenitizing, tempering, etc. That way the new stuff is incorporated into the book and also the reader can learn about it within the chapter rather than a disconnected place later in the book. Overall the text is about 15% longer in terms of word count.

5. An index – the most requested missing thing from the first edition was an index. This was surprisingly painful to make. I had to double-check each page number, and it took forever. I think this is like smoking a pack of cigarettes, where each one removes 28 minutes off the end of your life. That definitely happened when I double-checked the index.

6. Improved formatting – I learned a lot about formatting books while working on my other book, The Story of Knife Steel: Innovators Behind Modern Damascus and Super Steels. There is a lot of extra white space in the first edition, and I wanted to make it look more professional. There are a bunch of charts and figures that look washed out, and so I redid them all to give them more contrast.

7. References – the first edition has the references I used at the end, but I did not include reference numbers within the text. This was a decision I made to improve the flow of the book and so as to not scare away general readers. But I regretted it almost immediately. Readers wouldn’t know which references are backing up which points, so figuring out which to read would be very difficult. I also knew that adding them back in would be way more work than including them in the first place. The references are small “superscript” numbers and I don’t think they have affected the flow of the book at all.

How to Buy

I spent 18 months working on the second edition. I thought it would take me a few weeks and get it knocked out. But it turns out making a new edition of a book is nearly as much work as writing a whole new one. Sometimes it felt like more! So I am excited for people to read it and hear what they think about the new and improved book.

Here are links to buy:

Worldwide

PDF: https://payhip.com/b/98jgz

There is also an available PDF bundle for $10 off if you get both Knife Engineering and The Story of Knife Steel: https://payhip.com/b/XFyLU

I have not put any DRM or anything on the PDF. There is a tiny watermark at the top of the page that gives an order and name so that if the PDF is distributed we know who did it. Please don’t steal the book.

United States

Paperback: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FYWBPFWF

Hardcover: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FYW8DRGX/

If you don’t see your country below I recommend the PDF.

South Africa: Paperback

United Kingdom: Paperback, Hardcover

Germany: Paperback, Hardcover

France: Paperback, Hardcover

Spain: Paperback, Hardcover

Italy: Paperback, Hardcover

Netherlands: Paperback, Hardcover

Poland: Paperback, Hardcover

Sweden: Paperback, Hardcover

Belgium: Paperback, Hardcover

Ireland: Paperback, Hardcover

Japan: Paperback

Canada: Paperback, Hardcover

Australia: Paperback

Comparisons

The hardcover is definitely my favorite version. I’m glad that is an option now. The PDF is great if you have an iPad or can’t get the book in your country.

If you never got a copy of The Story of Knife Steel make sure you get one of those as well!

The post Knife Engineering 2nd Edition – Expanded and Updated appeared first on Knife Steel Nerds.

What Living in Italy for 20 Years Taught This Cookbook Author About Food

17 June 2025 at 14:00

Few people understand the power of a four-hour dinner. For most Americans, that probably sounds like a nightmare. But in Italy, it’s normal. Expected, even. You settle in. You open a bottle of wine. You talk, and eat, and talk some more. There’s no rush to clear the plates or get to dessert.

Growing up, I was lucky to be part of a family that liked to linger. We’d close restaurants, migrate from the dining room to the patio, and stay out so late the neighbors would gently remind us they had work in the morning. That way of eating—of being, really—has always felt more natural to me. And it’s exactly the kind of spirit cookbook author John Bersani captures in his new book, 20 Amici – 40 Ricette: Friends and Food from the Heart of Chianti.

Read More >>

Michelin-Worthy Meals Even Your Kids Will Love

10 June 2025 at 12:00

It’s not every day you see a former three-Michelin-star chef slinging burgers and homemade potato chips out of a historic red train car. But at Dad’s Luncheonette, the low-key restaurant tucked off Highway 1 in foggy Half Moon Bay, that’s exactly what you’ll find—if you know where to look.

If you pull up, chances are you’ll find Scott Clark—chef, dad, and now cookbook author—chatting with customers, cracking jokes, and running the pass for their short-and-sweet seasonal menu.

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This New Cookbook Series Will Make You Want to Go Plant-Based

14 May 2025 at 21:44

If you’ve ever thrown mushrooms into a pan and watched them shrivel up to almost nothing, you’re not alone. That’s because mushrooms are mostly water. Now what you do with that fact can take your dish from just fine to seriously good.

For example, most people’s first instinct is to salt mushrooms right away. But if you hold off, they’ll crisp up instead of steaming and potentially getting soggy. It’s a small shift, but one that can totally change the outcome and turn a basic ingredient into something seriously craveable.

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The Mother-Daughter Duo Bringing French Cooking (and Joy) Home

12 May 2025 at 12:00

A lot of people grow up watching their mom cook—I was lucky enough to be one of them. Even before I could reach the counter, I was trailing behind her in the kitchen, hoping to graduate from taste tester to mixer. And while I’ve since picked up tips from test kitchens, TikTok chefs, and a lot of Ina Garten, the core of my love for cooking will always come back to my mom.

That’s probably why I was so taken with Marjorie Taylor and Kendall Smith Franchini’s story. Their new cookbook, French at Heart, isn’t just a collection of classic French recipes, it’s a celebration of their shared life in food. The mother-daughter duo first made waves when they opened The Cook’s Atelier in 2008, a cooking school, culinary, and wine shop nestled in the heart of Beaune, France. Their classes now sell out months in advance, drawing guests from around the world. And yet, what makes their story stand out isn’t just the stunning Burgundy backdrop or their rustic tartines—it’s the relationship at the heart of it all.

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Amanda’s First Cookbook Is Back—26 Years Later

23 April 2025 at 20:54

Welcome to the latest edition of Food52 Founder Amanda Hesser’s weekly newsletter, Hey There, It’s Amanda, packed with food, travel, and shopping tips, Food52 doings, and other matters that catch her eye. Get inspired—sign up here for her emails.


I have a new (old) book out! My first book—The Cook and the Gardener—about cooking seasonally from a garden and about a crusty old French gardener whom I befriended when I worked as a cook at a château in Burgundy, France, was relaunched yesterday, on the 25th (26th!) anniversary of its original publication in 1999.

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Dwelling in Loss: An Introduction (Prophetic Maharaja Book Event)

19 April 2025 at 22:02

This is a guest post by SherAli Tareen, Professor of Religious Studies at Franklin and Marshall College.

At its core Rajbir Singh Judge’s dazzling monograph Prophetic Maharaja presents an argument for “dwelling in loss” rather than seeking the enticing yet entrapping desires for restoration, recovery, and healing. By writing a “historical narrative that refuses to historicize,” Judge pushes his readers to examine notions of sovereignty and history that the practice of dwelling might make available. Conceptually, through the example of Duleep Singh (d. 1893) and the politics his life and memory make possible, the book seeks to interrupt dominant scholarly notions of historicism and colonial logics of religion and sovereignty, that reappear in varied apparitions in contemporary scholarship as well. It is very rare for a monograph, and even rarer for a first monograph, to offer an example of close and patient reading that rattles deeply held and deeply prized normative assumptions of one’s field of intervention. Judge achieves precisely that. And he does so in multiple ways and registers.

In Panjab Studies, there is a pervasive trend of excavating a redemptive narrative of a Panjabi cosmopolitan ethos that might offer the fantasy of traversing and transcending the alleged juggernaut of religious convictions that according to this view stifle such “cosmopolitan” pasts and futures. The Sikh tradition, under the calculus of this desire for “Panjabiyyat” or “Panjabiness” can either work as a quintessentially hybrid religion that naturally inheres pluralism or as a model for a colonial infested discursive machine that can only be repaired through the prophylactic of secular baptism. Judge entertains none such fantasy. In fact, Prophetic Maharaja conducts a devastating indictment of the politico-conceptual coherence as well as the desirability of the secular quest for Panjabiyyat by presenting a reading of Duleep Singh’s quest for sovereignty that does not seek to resolve, recover, overcome, or redeem any restorative project of liberal redemption and goodness.

Through an analysis both painstakingly layered and theoretically vivacious, Judge masterfully walks his reader through a terrain of political theology populated by visions of sovereignty neither liberal nor secular, but rather nestled in the refusal to exercise the sovereign decision to historicize, humanize, and heal any alleged ruptures of history. Judge’s analysis of Duleep Singh’s attunement to the loss and possibility of sovereignty propels the reader to confront and wrestle with a grammar of life that is not driven by or available for secular projects of dividing that life into binaries like religion and culture, state and society, plural harmony and exclusivist bigotry. Life, Judge teaches us, taking a cue from anthropologist Talal Asad, is “essentially itself.”

One of the great lessons of this book that I found particularly striking and productive concerns its theorization of loss and its simultaneous recognition that loss escapes and exceeds any neat theorization. Judge is at his most brilliant and intellectually courageous during moments in this book when he meditates on the aporias of his own encounter with the conceptual constitution of his project. And remarkably, and again in a rare achievement, these are precisely the moments when his argument is most piercing and compelling. His discussion of loss is a great example of this. As Judge writes very early in the book (in its Introduction), signposting an analytical attitude and conviction he sustains throughout the monograph: “rather than provide a new theorization of loss-which cements a relation to loss-this book endeavors to reckon with the powerful resources that work on loss, such as mourning and melancholia, and what they have already provided.” Judge continues, in a flash of utter brilliance, “I contend with loss instead of transcending it through recovery [emphasis mine]…I do not tie a thread throughout the text that provides an adequate answer to loss because there might not be any answer to it. In this sense the book does not provide a theorization of loss but dwells in the various rhythms of loss. My goal is not to recognize loss and provide it taxonomic space but to sit with losses as they appear, disappear, and reappear throughout the text” (p. 13). This mini paragraph I have just cited represents a moment of tremendous significance in the study of South Asian History and Religion. Note, in the interest of careless readers who will rush towards the inconsiderate gesture, all too pervasive among historians of a certain ilk, to dismiss or undermine careful theoretical interventions as Judge’s here as convoluted high theory. Note particularly that dwelling, in Judge’s account, as both an analytical concept and as a mode and practice of life, is anything but passive inactivity. Exactly to the contrary, dwelling represents that aggressive commitment to a politico-conceptual ethic of refusing to repair and overcome loss through secular gestures of managing and healing the violence of history.

Dwelling in loss, instead of activating the secular instinct of historicizing, humanizing, and supposedly transcending loss makes possible a horizon of the political that comes to live with rather than attempt to overcome the aporias of life. Judge’s invitation to his readers to “sit with losses as they appear, disappear, and reappear” in the passage of a text or in the passage of history is I believe a profound call for suspending sovereign confidence in compensating for loss and treating the wound of historical contingency through the fantasy of historicist rigor, of returning life to its immanent materiality. What sort of politics and possibilities of sovereignty might become available by dwelling in loss, by sitting with rather than treating with the prophylactic of secular historicism the vertigo of historical conjunctures such as the one involving the loss, renewal, and diffusion of Duleep Singh’s aspiration for sovereignty? In asking and addressing this question, Judge successfully offers pathways for recognizing and exploring the political power and philosophical sophistication of imaginaries of sovereignty, like Duleep Singh’s, that are otherwise conveniently though perniciously catalogued as sorry tragedies of a colonized subject. Making Duleep Singh’s example speak back to and interrupt the alleged tragedy of his quest for sovereignty, Judge undertakes a critically important endeavor of decolonizing both colonial and contemporary secularist models of South Asian history populating the Western academy. This forum brings together outstanding scholars, conducting theoretically cutting edge critiques of secular power from multiple disciplinary perspectives, to engage, wrestle with, and celebrate a book with major ramifications and consequences in the study of religion, history, philosophy, and South Asia. The Prophetic Maharaja is in many ways a model and master seminar in bringing together invasive attention to the particularity of an archive and theoretical reflection that paves as well as shifts the terrain of multiple fields of knowledge simultaneously.

SherAli Tareen is Professor of Religious Studies at Franklin and Marshall College and currently a Patricia Crone member in the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton NJ for the academic year 2024-25. His book Defending Muhammad in Modernity (University of Notre Dame Press, 2020) received the American Institute of Pakistan Studies 2020 Book Prize and was selected as a finalist for the 2021 American Academy of Religion Book Award in the Analytical-Descriptive Studies category. His second book is Perilous Intimacies: Debating Hindu-Muslim Friendship after Empire (Columbia University Press, 2023) which was selected as a finalist for the 2024 American Academy of Religion Book Award in the Textual Studies category.

Rajbir Singh Judge is Assistant Professor in History at California State University, Long Beach. Prophetic Maharaja: Loss, Sovereignty and the Sikh Tradition in Colonial South Asia was published in 2024, and over the next few weeks we have a series of contributors who’ll be offering their reflections, followed by a response from Rajbir. I’ll update this post with links to the other posts as they’re published:

Introduction by SherAli Tareen

LL Hodges, ‘Claustrophobic Archive

Amaryah Armstrong, ‘Black Internationalism, the Black Prince, and the Pressures of History

APS, ‘”What this means I do not know”: Loss and Rumours of Loss

Samaah Jaffer, ‘The Contention of Mourning

Marika Rose, ‘A Matter of Fantasy

Satbir Singh, ‘Dandy (de)livery

Basit Iqbal, ‘Non-redemptive Narration

Response by Rajbir 

Testing Super High Speed Steel Vanadis 60

By: Larrin
29 February 2024 at 16:52

The following is a collaboration project between myself and Malachi Chou-Green. He obtained the Vanadis 60, did some heat treating experiments, and also did metallography including some fancy electron microscopy. He also heat treated and machined the CATRA knife that I tested. His original experiments were published some time ago on his Patreon, so if you want to see what he is up to I recommend visiting his Patreon page and becoming a supporter.

Video

The following information is also available as a video:

Background of Super High Speed Steels and Vanadis 60

High speed steels with greater than 2% vanadium for wear resistance were developed in the late 1930s  and early 1940s leading to M4 high speed steel and T15 high speed steel. I have written a short article on the history of M4 steel, and my recent book The Story of Knife Steel has a more etensive history if you are interested in reading further. Previously vanadium was found to lead to very hard carbides for very high wear resistance but when the additions exceed ~2% the steel would not harden. The breakthrough in the 1930s was that they learned that more carbon was necessary in conjunction with the vanadium, to compensate for the carbon that was being tied up in the vanadium carbides. However, vanadium was still limited to about 4-5%, otherwise the carbides would become too large and the steel would fracture during forging and/or rolling.

Another development occurred in the early 1960s when it was discovered that greater control over carbon content and cobalt addition could be used to make high speed steels that could be heat treated to 70 Rc. Several steels were patented within only a few years by different companies, with the most common being VASCO Hypercut patented in 1963, given the standard designation M42. You can read more about the history of these steels in this article. The compositions of these steels are shown in bold, and the older lower carbon versions of each are shown below each of the bold compositions in the “M40” series.

Around the same time Crucible developed powder metallurgy technology which was capable of creating finer microstructure in tool steels by avoiding the slow solidification associated with conventionally cast alloys. They began producing these steels for commercial scale in 1970. You can read more about how powder metallurgy works and its history in this article. At the beginning Crucible used this technology to improve performance of existing steels like M2 or T15, but they also began designing steels specifically for the technology. The first of these was CPM Rex 76, patented in 1972, which was a high hardness high speed steel with 3% vanadium.

Shortly after Crucible introduced their powder metallurgy technology, Stora in Sweden introduced their own version of the technology. This led to a legal battle that Crucible would eventually win, requiring Stora and Uddeholm to pay fines. Stora developed a higher vanadium 70 Rc high speed steel called ASP 60 which was introduced by 1975. It had 6.5% vanadium for higher wear resistance than Rex 76. Uddeholm purchased Stora in 1976. In 1978 Crucible published results of their experiments [1] comparing Rex 76 and ASP 60 which they claimed showed that higher than 3% vanadium did not lead to better performance in high speed tools. They also made a 6% vanadium version of Rex 76 and they demonstrated that it had no better tool life than the standard 3% vanadium version.

J.H.G. Stake of Uddeholm was not happy with these claims. He said [1], “I represent the firm that sells the steel mentioned which is available commercially, the ASP steels by the ASEA-STORA process. It is very difficult to comment on the slides shown here regarding the comparison between ASP 60, Rex 76, and Rex 76 with 6% vanadium. The main reason is that the trials have been done without any coolant and that is very unusual in commercial application in general practice. We prefer to go to the toolmaking industry and have the trials made there.”

Uddeholm would eventually begin selling ASP 60 under the name Vanadis 60 instead, and Erasteel which also had historical connections to Stora, would sell it under the name ASP 2060. Both have the same composition. Despite Crucible’s earlier claims about 3% vanadium being as much as is necessary, they would later release higher vanadium versions of Rex 76. The 9.5% vanadium version called Rex 121 was released in 1998 [2]. The 5% vanadium version is known as Rex 86 (Zapp sells it as Z-Max) which was released in 2005 [2]. Other high vanadium 70 Rc powder metallurgy high speed steels would be released by other companies, many of which are shown below:

For more exciting knife steel and tool steel history, plus a history of the modern knife industry including custom knives, high-end production knives, and Damascus, see my book The Story of Knife Steel.

Composition and Microstructure

As mentioned above ASP 2060 (Erasteel) and Vanadis 60 (Uddeholm) are identical in composition. They have molybdenum and tungsten (and to a lesser extent chromium adn vanadium) added for “hot hardness,” the ability for a steel to maintain its hardness at high temperatures. This is important for machining operations where the tools are run at “high speed” and thus heat up due to friction. Hot hardness is created through a phenomenon called “secondary hardening” where the precipitation of very tiny carbides causes the steel to further harden when tempering at high temperatures, which you can read about in this article. The vanadium content of Vanadis 60 is relatively high at 6.5% for wear resistance. Cobalt is added to further improve hot hardness by affecting how the carbides form in secondary hardening (as opposed to forming carbides such as molybdenum and tungsten). You can read more about cobalt in this article.

The toughness and wear resistance of high speed steels is largely controlled by the carbides. Where increasing carbide volumes and sizes tend to decrease toughness, increased volumes of harder carbides increase wear resistance. Each of the above mentioned steels forms some M6C carbides (tungsten/molybdenum carbides) and MC carbides (vanadium carbides). With this in mind, vanadium carbides are generally more desirable because they are harder and smaller than the tungsten/molybdenum carbides. Therefore the vanadium carbides are less detrimental for toughness while also contributing more to wear resistance.

Below I have calculated carbide contents using Thermo-Calc for Vanadis 60, Rex 86, Maxamet, and Rex 121. Importantly these are “equilibrium” calculations, meaning they assume an infinite hold time. Each is calculated for the austenitizing temperature that was used for the CATRA knife coupons I tested.

So based on total carbide volume alone we would expect Maxamet to have the highest toughness (it has the lowest carbide volume), followed by Rex 86, Vanadis 60, and finally Rex 121. Maxamet and Vanadis 60 have similar MC content but Vanadis 60 has higher M6C, so we would expect Vanadis 60 to have higher wear resistance than Rex 76, Rex 86, and Maxamet, but less than Rex 121.

Below are the micrographs for these steels to compare with Malachi’s Vanadis 60 micrograph.

Maxamet austenitized from 1975°F

Z-Max/Rex 86 austenitized from 2150°F

Rex 121 austenitized from 1925°F

Looking at the micrographs above, the carbide volume of Vanadis 60 appears to be similar to that of Maxamet, but the carbides are a bit smaller. Z-Max has a similar carbide size to Maxamet but a lower carbide volume. Rex 121 has the most carbide and the largest carbides as expected based on its composition.

We measured the carbide volumes of each steel using a simple method called “point counting” to compare with the Thermo-Calc estimates. The total carbide volume measured was significantly lower in Vanadis 60 and Rex 86/Z-Max than the equilibrium estimate. This is relatively unusual as equilibrium carbide volume estimates ten to underpredict the true carbide volume because it assumes an infinite hold time at austenitization temperature. Maxamet and Rex 121, both had carbide volume a few points above the Thermo-Calc equilibrium estimate which is more typical.

Malachi also took scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of Vanadis 60 austenitized at 1900 and 2125˚F using the “backscatter” imaging technique where contrast is partially generated from composition differences within the sample. Heavier elements scatter more electrons back into the detector leading to bright areas. Thus vanadium carbides show up as grey while the tungsten/molybdenum carbides are white, due to the relative atomic weights of the carbide forming elements (V < Mo < W).

Vanadis 60 austenitized from 1900°F

Vanadis 60 austenitized from 2125°F

Using different colors he point counted the volume of M6C, and total carbides and compared them against the Thermo-Calc predictions. The measured M6C (tungsten/molybdenum) carbide volume was lower than Thermo-Calc, while the measured MC (vanadium) carbide volume was high. So it appears that Thermo-Calc is overpredicting M6C carbide and underpredicting MC carbide stability in Vanadis 60. Perhaps similar differences are leading to the overprediction of carbide volume in the Z-Max, and imply that the MC carbide volume of Z-Max may also be greater then Thermo-Calc predicts. This could partially explain why Z-Max preformed better in CATRA testing than my equation suggested it would.

Hardness and Heat Treating of Test Coupons

The ASP 2060 datasheet has a better heat treatment hardness chart than the Vanadis 60 datasheet so I have included it below:

Malachi reported that he got 70.5 Rc with 2125-1000°F (1160-540°C) and 68.8 Rc with 1900-1000 (1040-540°C). He also austenitized the CATRA coupon from 2025°F (1100°C) which I tempered at 1000°F (540°C) for a hardness of 68.4 Rc. Malachi reported to me he later measured the temperature of the furnace he was using and found it to be reading too high, (thus the furnace temperature was lower than 2025°F), which may explain why the hardness was lower than his previous 1900-1000 coupon. I also heat treated toughness coupons using 2025-1000°F and the resulting hardness was 69.0 Rc. As expected Vanadis 60 is capable of very high hardness.

Edge Retention

To test the edge retention, Malachi heat treated and machined the CATRA knife for testing. I performed the final sharpening and tested for slicing edge retention:

Somewhat surprisingly the resulting edge retention was only slightly higher than Z-Max after compensating for hardness, and was significantly below Maxamet. This was puzzling because Maxamet and Vanadis 60 have similar vanadium and carbon, while Z-Max is somewhat lower in both elements.

Based on our carbide volumes measurements, both the Maxamet and Vanadis 60 CATRA knives should have carbide volumes around 22%. However, as discussed previously Thermo-Calc seems to underpredict vanadium carbide and overpredict tungsten/molybdenum carbides in Vanadis 60 so perhaps the same thing is happening in Maxamet. This could be compounded by the difference in “tungsten equivalent” contents between the steels. Tungsten equivalent is calculated by multiplying the molybdenum content by two and adding it with the tungsten content, to account for the difference in atomic weight between the two. Since tungsten and molybdenum form M6C carbide, steels with higher tungsten equivalent contents are more prone to M6C carbide formation. The tungsten equivalent of Maxamet is 13% and Vanadis 60 is 20.5%, so perhaps the structure of Maxamet is mostly MC type carbides. We would need to do backscatter imaging with the Maxamet to confirm if there is indeed more MC carbide in the Maxamet than Thermo-Calc predicts.

Toughness

I heat treated and machined the Vanadis 60 charpy toughness coupons using the same 2025-1000°F heat treatment as the CATRA coupon, resulting in 69 Rc:

As expected by the very high hardness (69 Rc) and the relatively high carbide volume (~22%), the toughness was fairly low at 2.7 ft-lbs. Zooming in on the high hardness steels I added a trendline showing the approximate change in toughness with hardness for CPM T15, CPM Rex 45, CPM Rex 76, and Z-Max. Vanadis 60 looks like it has toughness a notch down from those steels while being more in line with Maxamet. This makes sense given that Maxamet has about the same carbide volume while those other steels have have lower carbide volumes ranging from 14-18%. Carbides are very hard particles and so they are detrimental to toughness. You can also see that as hardness goes up the difference between the highest and lowest toughness steels decreases. So at 61.5 Rc we have measured values all the way from ~4 ft-lbs to 45 ft-lbs. But at 67 Rc it only ranges from 2.6 to 5.9 ft-lbs. Thus it seems the higher the hardness the less influence the carbides have on the measured toughness.

One interesting thing to note is that the spread in toughness was particularly high for the Vanadis 60 coupons, coming out at 3.4, 2.1, and 2.6. This spread is especially apparent when we look at the 95% confidence intervals of the toughness measurements of other high hardness steels shown below. I am not sure what led to the variation, perhaps it was merely chance.

While it is hard to predict toughness trends, it seems that at the same hardness we would expect Vanadis 60 to have toughness between that of Z-Max and Maxamet, leaning more towards the Maxamet end of the spectrum. As mentioned above, the Vanadis 60 and Maxamet samples tested have similar carbide volumes but Vanadis 60 has finer carbides. Usually, we would expect finer carbides to lead to better toughness, however in this case the improvement seems somewhere between quite small and non-existent. Toughness in steels is determined by two factors, crack initiation and crack growth. In tool steels, the ductility is low enough that usually, crack initiation is the controlling factor, in these cases smaller carbides are harder for cracks to initiate on, leading to better toughness. However, crack growth is generally easier with a smaller interparticle distance (the distance between carbides). So while crack initiation is usually the controlling factor, maybe as the carbide volume increases, improvements to toughness caused by finer carbides are mitigated by their risk of increasing crack propagation.

Summary and Conclusions

Our testing of Vanadis 60 found toughness about where you would expect given its high carbide volume and very high hardness, and as expected it is capable of very high hardness and has excellent wear resistance. However, the slicing-edge retention was lower than we predicted based on the composition, testing more similarly (but still a bit higher) than Z-Max rather than the more compositionally similar Maxamet. We also explored the interesting history of Vanadis 60; while several other 5%+ vanadium 70 Rc powder metallurgy steels have come since then, Vanadis 60 was the first.


[1] Kasak, A., and E. J. Dulis. “Powder-metallurgy tool steels.” Powder Metallurgy 21, no. 2 (1978): 114-123.

[2] https://www.crucible.com/Products.aspx?c=7

The post Testing Super High Speed Steel Vanadis 60 appeared first on Knife Steel Nerds.

Testing Chinese Knife Steel 8Cr13MoV/8Cr14MoV

By: Larrin
13 January 2024 at 19:00

Thank you Patreon Supporters!

Thank you to my Patreon supporters who help make these studies happen. Patreon funds were used for purchasing two ultimately useless knives, and some steel. Patreon supporter Marcus Ho even sent me some steel all the way from China which also ended up not working out. And I used Patreon funds to pay Shawn Houston (also a Patreon supporter) to do microscopy and grind two CATRA knives for me. So when I say that Patreon makes the study happen I don’t mean in an abstract sense. If you want to help fund more knife steel research please come join us on Patreon where you can get articles and videos early. Or if you sign up for the highest tier you can even get a sweet Knife Steel Nerds mug.

Video

Video version of the following information:

History of 8Cr13MoV/8Cr14MoV

To cover the history of 8Cr13MoV we have to go back to Japan, or even further back to Europe. Hitachi in Japan came out with their own stainless tool steels called “Gingami” meaning “silver paper” with three different designations. All three of these steels were copies, or nearly so, of stainless steels available in Europe. They were released somewhere in the 1933-1951 time period. In 1960 Fukami Steel Company was founded in Japan and they introduced AUS-4 and AUS-6 in 1968. AUS-4 was a 420/420HC type steel and AUS-6 was similar but with higher carbon and a small molybdenum and vanadium addition. AUS-6 was very similar to Gingami 2, and also other European steels such as Sandvik’s 12C27. AUS-8 was introduced in the 1970s which was AUS-6 with increased carbon up to ~0.8%. AUS-6 and AUS-8 became very common in Japanese factory knives, such as Kershaw’s imported knives introduced in the late 1970s. You can read more about all of this history (including citations) in my book The Story of Knife Steel.

8Cr13MoV, also called 8Cr14MoV, is a generic Chinese designation for AUS-8. They have identical composition. The naming scheme is pretty self-explanatory, I think, but maybe it makes sense to describe it explicitly. The first number designates the carbon content, so “8” refers to ~0.8% carbon, Cr13 means 13% chromium, Mo means a small molybdenum addition, and V means a small vanadium addition. So 7Cr17 means 0.7% carbon and 17% chromium, 9Cr18 means 0.9% carbon and 18% chromium, and 9Cr18MoV is the same with molybdenum and vanadium. Another steel that seems to be building in popularity is 10Cr15CoMoV which is 1% carbon, 15% Cr, plus cobalt, molybdenum, and vanadium; a copy of Takefu’s VG-10. I have heard these designations sometimes referred to in a derogatory way as “Chinese alphabet soup” though I think it should be known that these designations are a slight modification of an earlier European designation system. For example, 9Cr18MoV has existed for a long time in Europe as X90CrMoV18, also referred to by another European designation system as 1.4112. This is the European version of 440B which has some small differences with the American AISI 440B, such as higher chromium (18 vs 17%) and molybdenum (1-1.3% vs <0.75%). 7Cr17 is the same as AISI 440A. To the average consumer I’m sure all of the numbers are somewhat mystifying and steel names tend to be more memorable.

I don’t know when 8Cr13MoV was first used, but it was first advertised in knives by Spyderco in 2005 with their new “byrd” line of knives produced in China. Spyderco had requested their new knives be produced in 440C and tests of the knives were positive. However, Sal Glesser requested they check the composition of the steel and found it to be identical to AUS-8, not 440C as the factory told them. They learned the steel was designated as 8Cr13MoV in China and advertised the knives as such [1]. There is no distinction between 8Cr13MoV and 8Cr14MoV, all published compositions I have been able to find are the same, apart from Spyderco’s composition table which lists the chromium content only as 13.0%, rather than other published ranges I have found which show 13-14.5% chromium.

My History with 8Cr13MoV/8Cr14MoV

Because of how common AUS-8 and 8Cr13MoV knives are, I was interested in testing the steel for some time. However, despite how common it is in factory knives, obtaining individual bars of it was actually pretty difficult. Japanese and Chinese steels are pretty difficult to obtain in the USA to begin with, as most of it is sold directly to knife companies in their respective companies. Furthermore, because they are known as “budget” or even “low end” steels custom knifemakers in the USA are not exactly clamoring for it so the knife steel supply companies were not trying to get any.

My first solution was to purchase two “Schrade Leroy” choppers made in 8Cr13MoV which have large flat areas. This would allow me to anneal (soften back to the steel factory state) the steel and then heat treat it how I want. The flat areas mean I could make steel coupons for testing such as toughness coupons and potentially CATRA knives. That gives me control over the heat treating and geometry of the steel so I am not limited to available knives.

The knife had easily removable handles so I annealed one of them and posted to my Patreon that I would soon be testing the steel. One of my Patreon supporters, Marcus Ho, contacted me and offered to purchase some 8Cr13MoV bar stock so I wouldn’t have to use my more complicated method for obtaining the steel. Marcus is a knifemaker in Hong Kong so he had experience with sourcing steel in China. You can follow him on instagram under his company name HK.Knifeworks. He sent me a bar of steel along with a very official composition certification.

So I set the Schrade knife aside and started working with the new bar of steel. I started with developing hardness curves with different temperatures, which looked about where I expected them to be. But then I tested the toughness and it was worse than I expected, being more in line with 1% carbon stainless steels like 154CM or 440C. I then looked at the microstructure and it had too much carbide in it, looking again like 154CM or 440C. So I tested the composition of the bar and it was indeed 440C. This was an ironic reversal of the situation that Spyderco saw with their byrd knives. I was so disgusted with this whole debacle and all of the time I had wasted on a bar of 440C that I stopped working on the steel altogether.

More recently I learned that Aus Maker Supplies in Australia had obtained some 8Cr14MoV to sell to knifemakers and I asked if they could send me some. This time I actually got a bar of real 8Cr13MoV/8Cr14MoV and I am happy to report that I have actually tested the real thing.

Hardness

I tested the heat treatment of 8Cr14MoV with a range of austenitizing temperatures after soaking for 15 minutes, plate quenched, and tempered at 300 or 350°F. For half of them I used a cryo step in liquid nitrogen after the quench but before the temper. I didn’t find any published information on heat treating the steel, but Aichi has a recommendation for AUS-8 of 1050°C austenitize and 180°C temper (1925°F/350°F).

As with any steel, cryo led to higher hardness, and a higher austenitizing temperature from which peak hardness was obtained. Without cryo peak hardness was from 1950°F, so the recommendation for AUS-8 of 1925°F is good I think. It is dangerous to heat treat close to the peak hardness, because austenitizing above the peak means that there is excess “retained austenite” dropping the hardness which leads to worse performance. These are small coupons so in an industrial environment with slower quenching speeds the hardness may be somewhat lower. 61 Rc with the 1925-350 heat treatment is pretty good. Also the steel can achieve relatively high hardness, up to 64.5 Rc with a low 300°F temper. A more conservative 350°F you can still get into the 62.5-63.5 Rc range.

Microstructure

8Cr13MoV has a generally fine carbide structure but has many larger carbides mixed in. Sandvik and Uddeholm razor steels 13C26, 14C28N, and AEB-L seem to have about the limit in terms of carbon and chromium content before large carbides become unavoidable without more expensive manufacturing such as powder metallurgy. I have AEB-L below as a comparison to see what I am talking about, along with the higher carbon 440C and VG10 which have even larger carbides.

8Cr13MoV 1925°F-350°F Area 1

8Cr13MoV 1925°F-350°F Area 2

8Cr13MoV 1950°F-350°F Area 1

8Cr13MoV 1950°F-350°F Area 2

AEB-L

440C

VG10

In terms of grain size we also did an etch to reveal prior austenite grain boundaries. It is notoriously difficult to reveal grain boundaries so they are somewhat difficult to see. However, it is apparent that there was some grain growth with 1950°F when compared with 1925°F.

8Cr13MoV 1925°F-350°F

8Cr13MoV 1950°F-350°F

We also observed broader “segregation” and carbide stringers on a macro scale, especially in the 1925°F CATRA knife, which is shown below with two different angles. We also had a surface defect from the carbide stringers, which is seen as a shadow in the darker of the two. This happens when a carbide stringer is big enough that it breaks out during grinding. Segregation and carbide stringers are not unique to 8Cr13MoV, they are relatively common with ingot cast steels (as opposed to powder metallurgy). This is especially the case with higher carbon conventional steels like 440C and 154CM. The carbide stringers are parallel to the edge, perpendicular to the “grind lines.”

Toughness

For toughness tests I heat treated two conditions: 1925-350°F without cryo (roughly matching factory knife heat treatments), and 1950-350°F with cryo (higher hardness and closer to a custom heat treatment). These resulted in about 60 Rc and 62 Rc, respectively.

As expected based on the presence of some larger carbides, the toughness of 8Cr13MoV is significantly lower than AEB-L, 14C28N, LC200N, and Nitro-V. However, the toughness of 8Cr13MoV is still better than most other conventional high carbon stainless steels like 440C, VG10, and 154CM. It is also better toughness than most powder metallurgy stainless steels, even Vanax, XHP, and S35VN (though not MagnaCut). So overall 8Cr13MoV/8Cr14MoV has pretty good toughness despite its reputation as a low end steel. AUS-8 would also be similar.

CATRA Edge Retention

For CATRA edge retention coupons I used the same heat treatments, though they both came out slightly harder at about 61 and 62.5 Rc. However, one interesting thing is that the 1925-350°F heat treatment, the softer of the two, measured higher for edge retention, with an average after four tests of 395 mm of cardstock cut in the CATRA test. The 1950-350°F instead measured 376 mm. The 1950 coupon tested very consistently with values of 370, 382, and 377 mm. The 1925, however, seemed to do better the more I retested it with 357, 399, 389, and 429 mm. After puzzling over this I think the reason is that we had more carbide stringers near the edge with the 1925-350°F CATRA coupon, as discussed in the microstructure section. So perhaps what happened is that I was sharpening into a more carbide-rich region leading to the higher values. This is part of the inconsistency of conventionally cast steels, leading to more variable microstructure and therefore properties. Powder metallurgy steels are typically more consistent. To be kind to 8Cr13MoV I plotted only the higher 1925 coupon on the chart below:

The steel tested about where it was expected to fall, a bit above the lower carbon AEB-L and Nitro-V, but below higher carbon steels like 440C, VG10, and 154CM. When compensating for hardness it did very similar to LC200N and 14C28N. Both of those steels (LC200N and 14C28N) tested a bit better than I expected based on their composition, as I expected them to be closer to AEB-L and Nitro-V. So I am curious if I were to test three knives if they would still end up where they did (as opposed to resharpening the same knife), or if there are other features of those steels that cause them to test a bit higher. But we are talking relatively small differences, it’s not as if the steels were competing with S30V.

Comparison with My Original Ratings

I had been running Knife Steel Nerds for a few years before I finally did my ratings of knife steels. I wanted to have experimental results before rating them. One of the few steels I gave a rating for without testing it was 8Cr13MoV/AUS-8, in part because it is so common and many people asked me to rate it. So I gave my best guess in the table which I reproduced below:

I guessed that the toughness would be a “6,” in between 5’s like Vanax and S35VN and the 7 of MagnaCut. And indeed the steel ended up in between those. The edge retention I gave a “3,” the same as AEB-L, LC200N, and 14C28N, and it tested similarly to those steels. So I pointed all that out to pat myself on the back for my predictive abilities based on educated guesses and everything I’ve learned about steels over the years. It’s fun to brag sometimes. I didn’t test corrosion resistance of the steel, it gets a 7 because it is largely a carbon-chromium steel (with a little Mo and V), and so should fall in line with other steels of similar carbon-chromium ratio. If everyone is really clamoring for corrosion resistance tests of these types of steels I will think about doing another round of salt spray tests.

Summary and Conclusions

8Cr13MoV started as a copy of the Japanese steel AUS-8. I told the complicated and boring story of why I have had such a hard time getting this steel so I could actually test it. I think the obtainable hardness of the steel is pretty good, it can be heat treated up to 64 Rc or so, and is very easy to heat treat into the 60-61 region without cryo and 62-63 Rc region with cryo. The 1925-350°F (1050-180°C) heat treatment recommended by Aichi for AUS-8 is a good starting point for a cryo-free heat treatment. With cryo you can austenitize up to the 1975-2025°F range for high hardness if desired. 300°F is as low as I typically recommend tempering, though 350°F gives more balanced properties. The microstructure is disappointing if you are comparing to AEB-L and 14C28N though looks pretty good when compared with higher carbon conventional steels like 440C, VG10, and 154CM. The toughness was better than those 1% carbon steels but not as good as the fine AEB-L and 14C28N, but quite respectable either way. The edge retention wasn’t much better than AEB-L for the toughness deficit, but with the good hardness 8Cr13MoV can have it isn’t too bad. Luckily for me I didn’t have to modify the ratings I had already given the steel in each category because my predictions were pretty good. If you are in Australia 8Cr14MoV/8Cr13MoV is a good low cost steel to purchase from Aus Maker Supplies. And if you are buying knives in the steel you don’t need to worry about the steel itself being “junk,” there are a lot worse choices. Of course that assumes the knife company is heat treating it properly.


[1] https://forum.spyderco.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=14579&p=140419

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Innovators that Changed Knife Steel

By: Larrin
18 November 2023 at 12:45

I drove my family all the way out to Bethlehem, PA to film a video about steel history so I hope you watch it. Read about my knife steel history book here: https://knifesteelnerds.com/2023/05/09/new-book-the-story-of-knife-steel-innovators-behind-modern-damascus-and-super-steels/

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